‘the hand of man. 
this object in two ways: 
258 
mological and analytical elucidation of 
synonymous words in the English lan- 
guage.— Also a new edition ef his Ger- 
man and English Dialogues; and of Ex- 
tracts from the best German Authors for 
Translating into Enghsh. 
Mr. Parkinson has withdrawn the 
Introduction to the Knowledge of Fossils, 
announced at the end of the first volume 
of Organic Remains of a Former World, 
considering its publication as entirely su- 
perceded hy Mr. Marrtn’s excellent 
systematic outlines of the saine subject. 
—The third volume of Orgame Remains 
is In considerabie forwardness. 
A correspondent of the Philosophical 
Journal states, that carsphor is contained 
in considerable proportion in the seeds of 
carraway: Alb, of seed yielding about 4 
ounces of oil, and #4 an ounce of cam- 
phor. 
About twelve months “ago, several 
meetings of the gentlemen of the town 
and neighbourhood of Bradford, in 
Yorkshire, whose sentiments were fa- 
vourable to the promotion of science, 
resolved to form themselves into a 
society, to be called the ‘ Literary and 
Philosophical Society of Bradford,” and 
adopted rules for its government. Suit- 
able apartinents have been procured ; 
and asmall, though valuable, collection 
of books mm various branches of natural 
history and, philosophy, has been pur- 
chased, P 
A society has been lately formed at 
Liverpool, for preventing wanton eruelty 
to brute animals. At their first general 
meeting they appointed a committee to 
prépare an account of the objects of the 
society, and of the modes which they 
Snight deem best fitted to secure the 
accomplishment of those oljeets; and 
this committee accordingly presented a 
report, of which the following is the 
substance: “ The great object of the 
society is, to meliorate the state of brute 
animals, by preventing those sufferings 
which they unnecessarily experience at 
Your committee 
judge that you may aim to accomplish 
1. By the 
exercise of coercion with respect to 
those who are guilty of cruelty to brute 
animals; 2. Bv the diffusion of such 
principles and feelings as shall be in- 
comatible with the existence ‘of that 
spirit whence cruelty to animals orizi- 
nates. The coercion exercised may he 
ef three sorts; that of the laws, that of 
shame, and that ef individual discounte- 
Literary an@ Philosophical Enielligence. 
[April f, 
nance. For one of the species of cruelty 
towards brute animals, existing in this 
town, (we mean the overloading of car-. 
ters’ horses) the Jaw has provided a 
remedy. <All that your corsmittee, 
‘therefore, judge to be needful for the 
removal of this evil, is the due enforce- 
ment of the law.—The sense of shame 
may, they think, be tarned to good 
account in the service of this society. 
A man may be perfectly indifferent to 
the sufferings of brute animals, who may, 
nevertheless, dread that the public 
should talk of his cruelty. Your com- 
mittee propose, therefore, that a com- 
mittee be appointed for the purpose of , 
enquiring into reported cases of cruelty, 
and of publishing the accounts of then» 
(when the facts are well established) in 
the papers of the day. They recom- 
mend that your statements should wear 
a official form; the credit which they 
would receive would be proportioned, of 
course, to the opinion entestained by the 
public of your reposting eommittec, 
Cases of a most flagitious nature might 
oecasionally occur, in which it might be 
advisable to publish the names of the 
‘parties: in general, however, your com- 
mittee think that this step would not be 
requisite. — Individual discountenance. 
may be manifested in different ways: in 
every mode in which such discounte- 
nance can be given by you, severally, to. 
acts of cruelty, in every such mode do. 
your committee recommend that it be 
shewn. But what they would particu- 
larly recommend to you at this ime, as 
applying an especial remedy to particular 
evils which they have in view, is discoun- 
tenance in the way of trade. There are 
some tradesmen, as your comuuttee 
think, whose very gain is derived from 
brute’ animals, who are frequently or 
habitually careless respecting the suffer- 
ings of their beasts; and of some of whom 
it may be said, that the misery of the 
beasts subjected to them, is almost a. 
necessary result of their peculiar mode of 
conducting their business. Your com- 
mittee suggest to you, in your individual 
capacities, that where you have occasion 
to employ ‘tradesmen of such classes, 
the consideration of the manner in 
which different individuals among them 
treat their beasts, should have great 
weight with you in your decision, as to 
which of those tradesmen you employ, 
They think too, that where fair occasions 
occur, the ground of preference should 
be distinctly stated; otherwise that cons 
nexion 
