-gi0.] 
nexion may not be observed between the 
offence and the consequence, the obser- 
vation of which w% necessary to the 
securing of its full operation to your con- 
duct.——-The abuses which have appeared 
to your committee to be most prevalent 
im this town, and to call for the most 
immediate attention, and to which they 
would apply some of the abuve-stated 
principles of redress, are those practised 
by carters and by butchers. » Concern- 
‘ing carters, they have told you that they 
mean, at the close of this report, 
to submit to you a resolution. The 
cruelties of butchers are displayed, 
chiefly when they are driving their beasts 
into o: through the town. One of your 
committee saw a sheep with one of its 
korns torn out ef the socket, stated by the 
populace to have been beaten or 
wrested out by the driver. The prac- 
tice of cutting the heel-tendons of sheep 
before they enter the town, in order that 
the drivers may have less. trouble with 
them in passing through the streets (a 
practice, the alleged necessity for which 
would be removed, by the employing of a 
larger number of drivers) 1s, your come 
mittee have reason to believe, by no 
means uucommon. Such things call, as 
they conceive, for the marked ane 
version of those who are desirovs to 
lessen the sufferings of brute animals ; 
and, in their present uncertainty of the 
disposition of the law as to such prac- 
tices, your committee do strongly recum- 
mend it to the individuals of this society, 
to shew their disapprobation of those 
who perpetrate or authorise them, by 
withholding from them their support in 
the way of teade. —The other part 
of their plan, viz. the diffusion of such a 
— as should be incompatible with 
the spirit of cruelty to animals, might be 
effecied’ by publishing, in a cheap ‘form, 
books inculeating priaciples of gentleness 
towards the brute part of the creation. 
In this mode, they conceive that great 
good mizht be done, especially by the 
influence produced on the minds of the 
young.—lé appears especially desirable, 
that whilst you set forth to the public a 
definition of your objects, you should 
also give some pledve as to the spirit of 
your future proceedings. They would 
propose, therefore, that you should, from 
the very beginning, disclaim all ‘those 
mean and deceptious arts, by which men 
often gain intelligence; all encourage- 
ment to eaves-droppers, to creeping 
enquirers, to men who wear the sem- 
blance of friendslsp in order that they 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 
259 
may the more effectually betray. They . 
propose also, that, in animadverting on 
the abuses which may be brought to 
light around you, you should not confine 
your remarks to the poor. The duty to 
be tender to the inferior creatures, they 
hold to be obligatory on men of every 
rank; and a rick man, who wantonly 
abuses his power over a brute animal, 
ought, they conceive, the more espeei- 
ally to be an object of censure, becanse 
his example may operate the more 
largely as a supposed warrant. In your 
individual capacities, they would recom- 
mend to you, that you should expel the 
spirit of cruelty altogether from your own» 
houses ; that you should especially allow 
none of those practices to exist within 
the range of your influence, by which 
brate annals are made to suffer pain, 
either for the mere amusement of men, 
or fer the gratification of a pampered 
luxury. Lastly, they recommend it to 
you, both individuaily and collectively, 
that in pursuing the objects. of your 
association, you should display the great- 
est steadiness and calmness; especially 
that you should, in every instance, be on 
the surest grounds convinced of the 
existence of an evil, before you prefer a 
complaint. There is such a thing as 
intemperance in benevolence; and the 
virtue may be degraded in the public 
estimation, and rendered fruitless in its 
efforts, by a onion with precipitancy of 
Judgment. Whilst they hope “that the 
members of this society will keep them- 
a alive to the objects of the associa- 
tion, and omit no rational and manly 
mode of promoting those objects, they 
also express the hope that so plan may 
be adopted which may carry with it a 
frittering of exertion, and whieh may 
justly subject the society to any portion 
of that reproach which many may, at the 
first hearing, be disposed to afhx to it—~ 
the reproach ef being frivolous and vexa- 
tious. 
RUSSEAL 
Several marbles, with Slavonic inserip- 
tions, were discovered in 1792, among 
the ruins of Phanagoria. These mscrip- 
tions stated, that a Russian prince, 
Ghea of Tmuktorakan, had caused the 
extent of the Cimmerian Bosphorus to 
be measured in 1068. On this oceasion,s 
count Mussin Puschkin published, in 
1794, Historical Researches. on the 
geographical situation of the principality 
of ‘imuktorakan. Alexei Nicolai Ole- 
nin, counsellor of state, has published 
a letter on the same subjeet, addressed 
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