1810.] 
according to the Polish historians, In 
680, this city became the place of resi- 
dence of a prince of the race of Rurick ; 
in 1087 it was declared the capital of all 
Russia, and the grand-dukes continued 
to reside there ull 1157. In 1240, it 
passed under the dominion of the Tar- 
tars; then under that of the Poles and 
Lithuanians. In 1686 it returned de- 
finitively under the Russian sceptre. 
The loss of this place, which as it were 
commands the navigation of the Borys- 
thenes, was one of those remote causes 
which prepared and accelerated the 
subjection of Poland. 
Yo the north-west of the Ukraine 
extends Wolhynia, a province no less 
fertile. Its chalky soil produces in great 
abundance millet, barley, and the hea- 
viest and most farimaceous wheat of all 
Poland. Some mines of iron are found 
here; and near Dubno is found yellow 
amber. A great part of this province is 
covered with immense forests. In the 
woods are found, in a wild state, rose- 
mary, asparagus, and various other 
plants, which, though growing without 
cultivation, are with difficulty to be dis- 
tinguished from those which are reared 
in our gardens with the greatest care 
and attention. The rivers and lakes 
abound with fish. But even this delight- 
ful country has, at different times, ex- 
perienced great devastation ; particularly 
in 1618, when the Tartars carried off no 
less than thirty thousand prisoners, and 
an immense quantity of plunder. The 
inhabitants are Russians, as their lan- 
guage, their religion, and their customs, 
prove. They are a very warlike race of 
people, and make excellent soldiers. 
Weshall now enumerate the principal 
towns of Wolhynia. Since 1774, Dubno 
has become the seat of a kind of fair, at 
which all the nobility of the province 
assemble, in order to settle their affairs. 
We also meet there with Turks, Arme- 
nians, Germans, Swiss; in short, some- 
times there is a conflux of not less than 
thirty thousand souls: the ordinary po- 
pulation is estimated at six Gowan 
Luck is the ancient capital, and Novo- 
grod-Wolynski that Bithe present day. 
Ysaslaw, with five thousand and sixty 
inhabitants, and Ostreg, with four thou- 
.sand six hundred, are the two most in- 
dustrious places; the latter is the chief 
town of a very ancient duchy, now 
transformed into a majorat, which, after 
having, for its sovereigns, dukes of the 
Moytury Mac, No, 198, 
Queries. 
341 
house of Ostrogski, passed to the house 
of Lubomirski, and afterward to tliat of 
Sangusko: it yields an immense revenue. 
Olyka, another duchy, belongs to the 
Radzivills. ‘The small village of Czar- 
toriski is reported to be the origin of the 
illustrious family of that name. | The 
Lubomirski, who are still more rich and 
powerful, are also originally of Wol- 
hynia, or at Jeast its vicinity. ; 
The country of Chelm has a sandy 
chalky soil, The wheat is of a most ex- 
cellent quality sarge quantities of yellow 
amber are also found bere. 
(To be continued. ) 
See SRG 
QUERIES: 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
[ SHALL be obliged if some one of your nu- 
merous chemical readers will inform méy 
through the medium of your valuable mis- 
cellany, of the best method of discovering 
whether there be vitriolic acid in what you 
generally purchase for vinegar. There is lit» 
tle doubt, from the different taste vinegar now 
has, from what it used to have, that it is 
made from a different material ; and from the 
very increased consumption of vitriol, there 
is some reason to think it is manufactured 
from that mineral acid. The publicity ofaa 
answer to this may be serviceable to many 
others, as well as to 
A ConsTanT READER. 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
FAIE late celebrated Dr. Priestley, many 
years ago, wrote and published a small 
tract, entitled “Considerations for Young 
Men, and the Parents of Young Men;” which 
has long been out of print: and it Is a pity 
that it should be, since a wide circulation of 
it might ‘be productive of good. A friend of 
mine wishes to reprint it, but cannot procure 
a copy ; and I believe it is to be met with 
only in private hands, Perhaps it is in the 
possession of some one of the numerous 
readers of your valuable miscellany who 
may see this (if you will kindly give it a 
corner there), and will probably favour me 
with the pamphlet; either to take a copy 
from, as it is but a very short one, or to for- 
ward to my friend for the purpose of its being 
reprinted. 
CHRISTOPHER EARNSHAW. 
43, Chancery Lane. 
: ae ‘ 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
“SIR, 
F any reader of your entertaining miscele- 
lany can inform me of means to remove 
aX the 
