442, 
one single state, to which this double 
name was merely given, because the 
kings of Hungary had formerly enjoyed 
those titles. 
The name of Lodomiria is not. to be 
found in any maps; that of Gallicia 
should be written with a tz, (Gallitzia,) 
in order toapproach the Polish etymology. 
The Karpathian mountains, and their 
branches, occupy the south part of Rus- 
sia. Leaving these alps of Sarmatia, 
agreeable and diversified lulls lose 
themselves in the plains of Wolhynia and 
the Ukraine.- Thé sandy districts of 
Little Poland extend to Russia; these 
sands begin near Cracow, and eontinue 
to Zamosa, and beyond Leszainsk, verg- 
ing towards Lemberg. The country of 
Pokutia, whichis between the Pruth and 
the Dneister, is filled with considerable 
marshes; but, in general, the soil of this 
kingdom may be divided into three divi- 
sions, almost equal. The mountains 
and marshes form the first, where the 
plough cannot pass; the second is 
formed by the plains of moving sand, 
which rarely produce any winter grains ; 
the third is good arable and pasture, 
which yields five and six bushels for one: 
this latter produces all sorts of gram, but 
chiefly wheat, oats, and barley. The 
best lands are in the cantons to the 
eastward of Lemberg, and in some parts 
of the circle.of Belzk. In general, in 
good seasons, they reckon on a return of 
about five bushels for one; as to the 
sandy parts, they seldom sow corn there, 
but when that is the case, the harvest 
never yields more than one fourth, 
oftener one third, and that im the best 
seasons. Asparagus, water-melons, and 
many other plants, grow spontaneously, 
and in abundance; the juniper is a very 
common shrub: in the neighbourhood 
of Lemberg tliere were a few vineyards, 
but the rigour of the climate, although 
under the parallel of Paris, obliged them 
to disccntinue. the culture of the vine. 
In the whole extent of eastern Gal- 
~ Hicia, they grow about 20,000 quintals of 
tobacco: at Makrotin, there is a-planta- 
tion of rhubarb, which contains more 
than 40,000 plants. ; 
A great quantity of hemp and flax is 
cultivated, especially in the district of 
Przemisl; but they only fabricate some 
coarse linens, which produce them but 
little. The mountains are peopled with 
weavers, tradesmen in the different 
branches of iron, and various others; 
their manufactures only want the finish- 
ing part to please the eye: for, in their 
Account of the Ukraine. 
a es 
fJune 1; 
linens particularly, the intrinsic qua 
lity cannot be better. Yet they have, 
and do make some very fine, whieh at 
the same time is both very good and very 
reasonable. The Austrian governnient 
has given great encouragement to the 
woollen manufactories, which are already 
very numerous, 
Hastern Gallicia, about twenty years 
ago contained more than a million and 
a half of horned. cattle, and 300,000: 
horses. Red Russia may probably ,be 
stated at about two thirds of these num- 
bers; since that period the breed of 
horses has been considerably improved, ° 
and the Austrians draw from them suf- 
ficient to remount the greatest part of — 
their cavalry, 
There are no lakes, but many thou- 
sands of vast and handsome ponds, (if I 
may so call them,) the largest of which 
are in the district of Lemberg; scme of 
them are a league in length and breadth, 
and which, from their fisheries, are worth 
60,000 florins a year. 
The iron mines, better worked under | 
the Austrian government, are however of 
but little importance. Pokutia yields a 
Sort of inferior marble. This country 
contains a great quantity of salt and 
sulphureous springs: that of Lubin has 
been recently analyzed by a chemist. 
The water holds in solution sulphur, 
bitumen, gypsum, and iron; it leaves 
a crust of sulphur on the _ borders 
of the spring, in which is found alum, 
Iron, and = saleammoniac. The- sale — 
springs have given name to the city~, 
of Halicz, which became that, of a 
kingdom. 
Such are the principal traits of the 
natural geography of . this country. 
Amongst the towns we will only remark 
the following, Lemberg, in Polish 
Sxow, and Latin Leopolis, formerly the. 
capital of Red Russia or Lodomiria, 
at present that of all eastern Galicia. 
It is a large and-handsome city, with 
wide straight streets,well paved, aud kept 
clean; things very rare in this country. 
The buildings are in anoble style, which 
astonishes the traveller accustomed to 
see the wretched Polish architecture. 
T can easily venture to attribute this 
phenomenon to the proximity of Con- 
stantiuople, from whence some Greeks 
may have taken refuge at Leopol, and 
perhaps to the influence and example of 
the Jesuits, whose taste and talents no 
person will deny. There were formerly 
seventy-two churches, each richer and 
more magnificent than the other ; — 
{ne 
se 
