1807.] 
not give credit, but confidered the fe- 
cond f{tomach of the camel to correfpond 
in its ufe with that of other ruminants. 
This ditference of opinion ied Mr. Home 
to examme accurately the camel’s {to- 
mach, and alfo the ttomachs of thofe ra- 
minants which have horns, m order to 
determine the peculiar ofiices belonging 
to their dilfereut cavines. The belt mode 
of communicating the refult of this en- 
quiry is to deicribe the diferent ftomachs 
of the bullock, aud then thofe of the ca 
mel, and afterwards to point out thepel 
culiarities by which this animal is en- 
abled to go a longer time without drink 
than others, and thereby fitted to live in 
-thofe fandy deferts of which it is the na- 
tural inhabitant. 
When the firft ftomach of the bullock 
is laid open, and the folid contents re- 
moved, the cavity appears to be made 
up of two large compartments, feparated 
from each other by two tranfverfe bands 
of conhiderable thicknefs, and the fecond 
fiomach forms a pouch or leifer compart- 
ment, on the anterior pap of it, rather 
to the right of the cefophagus, fo that 
the firlt and fecond itomach are both in- 
cluded in owe general cavity, and lined 
with a cuticle. The cefophagus appears 
to open into the firft ftomach, but on 
each fide of its termination there is a 
mufcular ridge, projecting from the coats 
of the firft ftomach, fo as to form a chan- 
nel into the fecond. Thefe mutcular 
bands are continued on to the orifice of 
the third ftomach, in which they are lott. 
Phe food can readily pais from the cefo- 
phagus, either into the xeneral cavity of 
the tirft ftomach or into the fecond, which 
Jatt is peculiarly fitted by its fituation; 
and the mufcular power of its coats 
both to throw up its contents into the 
mouth, and to receive a fupply from the 
general cavity of the firft ftomach at the 
will of the annnal. The fecond ftomach 
contains the fame food as the firft, only 
piore moilt; it muit therefore be conh- 
dered asa theif from which the food may 
be regurgitated alone the canal, con- 
tinued from the cefophasus. There is 
indeed no other mode by which this can 
be efccted, tince it is hardly poffible for 
the animal te feparate final! portions from 
thaafuriace of the mafs of dry food in the 
firft ftomach, and force it up into the 
mouth. It.is allo afcertained that water 
is received into the fecond ftomach while 
the animal is drinking, and is thus ena- 
bled to have its contents always in a pro- 
er fiate of moiliure to admit of its being 
geadily thrown up inte the mouth fo ru- 
Proceedings of Learned Societies. 
&F 
mination, which feems ‘to be the true 
office of this omach, and not to receive 
the food after that procefs has been gone 
through. 
When the food 1s fwallowed the fecend | 
time, the orifice of the third itomach-is 
brought forwards by the mufcular bands 
which terminate in it, fo as to oppofe 
the end of the cefophagus, and receive the 
morfel without. the {malleit rifk of its 
dropping into the third ftomach. The_ 
third ftamach of the bullock is a cavity, 
In the form of a crefcent, containing 24 
fepta, 7 inches broad ; about 23,4 inches 
broad ; and about 48 of 14 mch at their 
broadeft part. Thefe are thus arranged : 
one broad one, with one of the narrowelt 
next it; then a narrow one, with one of 
the narrowelt next 1t3 then a broad one, 
audi{oon. The fepta are thin membranes, 
and have their origin in the orifice lead- 
ing from the cefophagus, fo that whatever 
pales into the cayity muft fall between 
thefe fepta, and defcribe three-fourths of 
a-circle, before it can arrive at the orifice 
leading to the true ftomach, which is fo 
near the other, that the diltance between 
them does not exceed three inches: and 
therefore the direét line from the termi- 
nation of the cefophagus to the orifice -oF 
the fourth ftomach is only of that length, 
While the young calf is fed on milk, that 
liquor, which does not require to be ru- 
minated, is conveyed directly to the fourth 
ftomach, not patting through the plice 
of the third; and afterwards the folkd 
food is directed into that cavity, by the 
plice being jeparated from each other, 
The third itomach opens juto the fourth 
by a projecting valvular orifice, and the 
cuticular lining terminates exactly on the 
edge of this valve, covering only that half 
of it, which belongs to the third. The 
fourth or true digeiting {tomach is about 
2 feet 9 inches long: its mternal mem- 
brane has 18 plice beginning at its ori- 
fice, and contmued down, increafng to a 
great degree its internal furface: beyoud 
thefe the imternal membrane is thrown 
into ruge which follow a very terpentine 
direction, and clote to the pylorus there: 
is a glandular prejestion, one end of 
which is oppofed to the orifice, and clofes 
it up, when im a collapfed {tate. 
The cainel’s ftomach anteriorly forms 
one large bag, but when laid open is 
forced to be divided into two compart- 
meats on its poiterior part, by a krong 
ridge which pailes down from the right 
fide of the oriace-cf the cefephagus ina 
lougitudinal direction. On the left fide 
gf the termination of the osfophagus, a 
. eae ; bread 
