62 
broad mufcular band has its origin, from 
the coats of the firit itomach, 
down in the form of a folid parallel to the 
great ridge, till it enters the orifice of the 
fecond horas This band on one fide, 
and the great ridge on the other, form a 
canal, which Icads from .the cefonhagus 
down to the cellular ftru¢ture m the lower 
part of the firft ftomach. The orifee of 
the fecond fiomach, when this mutcle is 
not in action, is Hearly fhut, and at right 
angles to the fide of the frit. Its —— 
is a pendulous. bag witk rows of ‘cells, 
above which, between them and the 
mufele which pa pafies along the upper part 
of the #omach, isa fiaooth artiste ex 
tending irom the orifice of this ftomach 
to the termination im the third. . Hence 
#t 1s evident that the fecond ftomach nel- 
ther reeeives the folid i in the Arft-im- 
{tance as the: bulieck, nor does it atter- 
wards pafs into its pp or cellular 
ftratiure. The food firft patles i into the 
general cavity of the firft. ftomach, - and 
that portion of it which lies m the-recefs 
ammediately below the entrance of the 
cefophagus under which the cells are fitu- 
ated, 18 kept moitft, and 1s} eacily return- 
ed into the mouth, fo that the cellular 
portion of the fit flomach in the camel 
performs the fame office as the fecondan 
the remnants with horns. © While the 
camel is driking, the action of the muf- 
eular band opens the oritice of the fe- 
cond leat at the fame time that it 
directs the water into it; and whien the 
cells of that cavity are full; the reit runs 
of into the cellular ftruéiare of the firtt 
ftomach Seeabta! helow, and atter- 
wards into. th general cavity: it 
feems that Eantels, when accuftomed’ to 
go jong journeys, in which they are kept 
without water, acquire the power of di- 
lating the Geils; 
tam.a more than ordin 
fupply for their journey. When the aaa 
has been chewed, it has te pais along the 
upper part of the fecond fomach before 
uw can pee the third: which is thus 
managed: at the trae that the cud is to 
pais from the mouth, the mulcular band 
contracts with fo much force, that it net 
“only opens the orice of the iccond fto- 
mach, but acting en the mouth of the 
third, brings it forwards mito the feeend, 
by which means the mufcular ridges that 
{eparate the vows ‘of cells are brought 
clofe togetLer, fo as a exclude ttiefe ca- 
vities fro ma the canal, through winch the 
eud pafies. 
very curious ri Nowa mn, ays aie Lome, ) 
hich forms the-peculiar character of the 
ary quantity as a 
Froccedings of Learned Societies. 
and pafies 
fo as to make them con-. 
“Tt is this beautiful and’ 
[Feb: 1; 
ftomach of the camel, dromedary, and 
lama, fitting them to live im the fandy’ 
deferts w here the fupplies of water are fo 
precarious.” 
From the comparitive view which Mr. 
Home has taken of the ftumachs of the 
bullock and camel, 1¢ agncat s that in the 
bullock there are three itomachs formed 
for the preparation of food, and one for 
digeftion. In the caniel there 3 is one fio- 
mach fitted to aniwer the purpotes of two’ 
of the bullock ; a fecond is employed as a 
refervoir for water, having nothing to do 
with the preparation of the food; a third 
is fo fall and fimple in its firu éure that 
it is not ealy to atcert tain its particular 
office. 
The following gradations a ruminat- 
ing jiomachs is now eitablifhed: the ru- 
mimants with horns, as the ox, theep, &c- 
have two preparatory itomachs tor food 
previoutly to rumination, and one for the 
food atter rumination before it is digelt- 
ed. The ruminants without hors,’ as 
the camel, dromedary, &c. have one pre- 
paratory fiomach before rumination, and 
none in which the cud can be afterwards 
retained before it goes into the digefting 
fiomach. Thole animals who eat the 
fame kind of food with the ruminants and 
yét do not ruminate, as the horte and afs, 
have only one ftomach, but a part of it is 
lined with a cuticle, in which the food is 
firft depofited, and by remaining there 
fome time is rendered more ealily diged- 
tible, when received into the digetting 
portion. 
In compar ing the ieuh of thofe animals 
that ruminate with thofe of the herfe and 
afs, which live on nearly the fame kind 
of food, the following peculiarities are 
met with. The rummaats with horns _ 
have molares in both jaws, and incifores 
only in the lower Jaw. ‘he Truminants 
without horns, have, in addition to thefe, 
what may be called fighting-teeth, or a 
{ubftitute for horns. Thefe are births wa 
‘both jaws, intermediate teeth between 
the molares and tuiks, and in the upper 
jaw two finall teeth anterior Lo the tutks 5 
none of which ean be of any ule in eat- 
ing. The camelo-pardalis» forms an in- 
termediate link in thefe refpecis. It has 
fhort horns, and no tutks. 
We have next an account of the ana-— 
lyfis of the urine of the camel, and of the 
feveral expernnents upon that, and upon 
the urine of a cow. ‘The prefence of 
-urie acid inthe former, and that of phof- 
phat of lime in both, are new facts; which 
reflect additional light on the compoil= ; 
wen of the urine Gi- granuniverous anim. 
tals. - 
