= - — -———- 
x 
ment, an ardent {pirit may be drawn 
from them, more wholefome than brandy: 
diftilled from rye. 
M. L. Ange Metosrans has invented 
anew Blow-pipe £ it conliits of two hol- 
low glafs glabes, of a fize proportioned 
té the eflect required, which are united 
by tiwo metallic tubes placed one agaimit 
the other; each of thefe pipes has a 
valve attached.at each of its extremities: 
a third pipe placed horizontaily, and at 
right angles with jthe two frit, 1s herme- 
tically fixed to the pipes which unite the / 
two globes. This horizontal pipe, be- 
fides ferving to direct the air upon the 
flame of, the larap, hkewrle forms a fup- 
port,and axis on which the globes turn. 
When the lower globe, which is half fill- 
ed with water, has, in changing its pofi- 
tion, became uppermoit, the water will 
Fun out into. the other, and will form, by 
the preflure,, a. current of air in the pipe, 
which being ftopped by the valve at the 
extremity cf the tame pipe, will, be forced 
to pais through the horizontal pipe; the 
mouth of which being directed towards 
the flame, will produce the effect defired: 
when the water has defcended into the 
lower ball, the pofition muit be changed, 
and the action of the machine. will re- 
commence, : 
_M. Tueopore Prerre Bertin has in- 
vented a new fyphon, capable of raiing 
water thirty feet high without human 
help. ‘This inftrument is, we are told, 
applicable to different purpofes: As a 
fyphon, it may be ufed to raife water 
above its fource, in any fituation; as”a 
pump, it may ferve as a pneumatic che- 
fnical apparatus, by the help of which 
may be made acidulated waters. . The 
effets of this pump are in proportion to 
the fuperior length of the defcending 
limb over that of the afcending one; it 
is therefore convenient for conveying 
perfumed air, fuch as that of an oranuge- 
Tie, for example, into rooms: it may 
alfo be rendered ufeful for mild fuctions, 
and might be employed in furgical ope- 
rations where the fucking-pump is em- 
ployed. tA 
M. de Beavvors has begun to publifh 
an account of the Infeéts which he col- 
leted on the Airican and American coatts. 
Two fpecies of bears at prefent un- 
known, have been found by M. Cuvier, 
buried with tygers, hyenas, and other 
carnivorous annals, ma great number 
ef caverns in the mountains of Hungary 
and Germany, 
\ 
72 Literary and Philosophical Tnteltigence. 
boiling them, and caufing them to’ fer-: 
{Feb. ty 
M. Secury, from the remarkable quan- 
tity of albumen found in vegetable juices” 
which ferment without yeaft, and afford 
a vinous liquor, has been led te enquire. 
whether the albumen might net be of 
efiential confequence to this teftine 
motion, Having deprivéd thefe juices 
_of albumen, they’ became imeapable of 
fermenting; and’ then having fupplied 
this principle, fuch as white of egg to 
faccharine matter, the fermentation took 
place, and a matter fimilar to yeéalt was 
depotited, which appeared to ‘be only 
the albumen, ‘whieh was fo altered as to’ 
be nearly infoluble; without having lott 
its fermentefeible-aétion. Hence he con- 
cludes, that albumen, whether animal or _ 
‘vegetable, is the ‘true ferment. 
M: Oxrver has lately prefented te 
the National Intiitute an account of the 
‘Topography of Perfia; in whieh he has 
deicribed the chains of mountains, the 
courles of itreams, and the produétions 
peculiar to climate. The great and pre- 
vailing drought is the caufe why not more 
than a twentieth part of that vaft em- 
pire is cultivated. Entire provinces have 
not a fingle tree which is not planted 
and watered by the hands of man. This 
evil is conttantly increafing, by the de- 
ftruétion of thofe canals by which the 
water from the mountains was formerly 
conducted to the lands. 
M. Desmarets, from an examination 
of fome ancient garments, found in a 
tomb of the abbey of St. Germain, has — 
determined that moft of the procefies of 
weaving, at prefent ufed, were known m 
the tenth century; and he has thrown 
fome new light upon the articles of Pliny 
refpecting the ancient fabrics. Hy 
Stcurn has found, from a variety of 
experiments, that coffee confifts of albus 
men, oil, a-bitter principle, and a green 
matter, which 1s a combination of this 
lait and albumen. 
MM. Lacepepr, by examiming what is” 
at prefent known of Africa; by compar= 
ing the: volume .of the rivers which ar- 
rive at the fea, with the extent of the 
regions upon which the rains of the tor- 
rid zone fall, and the quantity of eva- 
poration to-be obferved ;~and laftly, afs 
jifting the judgment by the number and 
dire¢tion of the chaims of inland moun- 
tains, as deicribed by travellers, has of- 
fered fome conjeétures refpecting the 
phyiical difpofition of the eountries full 
unknown in the centre of that quarter of 
the globe, and more particularly the ra 
an 
