180 
flock. A horfe has been obferved to be 
covered with the pultules of the fmall- 
pox. Goats are fometimes attacked by 
it, and, when this is the cafe, great 
numbers generally perith. (See Roeder. 
a Cafiro, lib. 4. de Meteor. Microc. cap. 
6.) This dreadful contagion is likewife 
frequently known to extend to the flocks 
of rein deer in Lapland. 
Such is a fummary of the principal 
obfervations that have been tranfmitted 
tous by different travellers, refpeciing 
the manners and habits of life of the 
animals which conititute this intereiting 
tribe ; and from what has been faid, it 
appears that they have a nearer alliance 
than any other quadruped (in the general 
conformation of them bodies) to the hu- 
man race. They contequently have the 
art of imitating human actions better 
than any others, fince they are able to 
ufe their fore-feet as hands. From the 
general organization of the monkies, they 
are likewife capable of an education 
nearer ailied to that of man, than any 
ether animal. Some naturalilts haveat- 
tributed infinitely too much fagacity’ to 
them, whilft others have certainly not 
allowed enouch. The monkies feem to 
ao thofe things which mankind do be- 
fore their reafon is matured by age ; and 
in this refpect there is no other qua- 
druped which bears any refemblance to 
them. Mof animals feem at times to be 
actuated by the fpirit of revenge: by 
the different means that are employed 
to ‘gratify this paffion, we may in a 
meafure judge of the different degrees 
of their inftinét; and every one knows 
how greatly the monkey exceeds all other 
brutes in its vindictive malice. There 
appears, im fome meafure, an analogy 
even betwixt the vices (Gif we may fo call 
them) of the monkies, and the difvutt- 
ing brutality too oftea obfervable im 1 the 
vicious and degraded part of mankind. 
The animals of the monkey tribe dif- 
fer very eflentially from each other im 
their general manners and habits of life. 
The oran otan is fufceptible of more 
eoitiderabie attainments than any of the 
others. The fhort muzzled monkties, with 
long tails, fuch as the greater part of the 
guenons, fapajous, and fagoins, are for 
the moft part exceedingly tractable, and 
receive a certain degree of inftruction 
witheut much di ifficulty. But fome of 
the apes, and baboons, with long muzzies, 
are fofavage and ferocious as to be in- 
eapable of any education whatever. 
The monkies of the new continent, as 
might naturally be fuppoted, differ (at 
Mr. Bingley, on the Stratagems of Apes and Monkies.. {March ?, 
leaft in fome degree) in their habits of 
life from thofe of the old world. The 
Great Author of Nature has afligned to 
them feveral characteriftics that are pe- 
culiar to themfelves: fuch, amongft others, 
are the fituation and feparation of the 
nafal orifices; and the prefence of two 
additional erinders in each jaw. We, 
hikewife, are acquainted with no {pecies 
of monkey, belonging to the ancient 
world, that has a preheutile tail, or the 
bony pouch obfervable in the throat of 
the preacher monkey and the arabata, 
(Suuia beelzebul and Simia feniculus of 
Linneus). 
In fome countries monkies, even in 
their wild ftate, are rendered ferviceable 
to mankind. It is faid, that in diliri¢ts 
where pepper and cocoa grow, the inha- 
bitants, availing themnfelves of the imi- 
tative faculties and the agility of the 
monkies, are able to procure an infinite- 
ly greater quantity of thefe articles than 
they could do by z any other means. They 
mount fome of the loweft branches of 
the trees, break oif the extremities where 
he fruit grows, and then defcend and 
carefully range them together on the 
ground. The animals afterwards afcend 
the fame trees, ftrip the branches all the 
way to the top, and difpofe them ina 
fimilar manner. After the monkies have 
gone to reft, the Indians return and carry 
off the fpoil. 
In foe places, it is this: inclination 
to imitate human aétions which leads to 
their deftruction. The Indians carry in 
their bands velfels filled with water, and 
rub their faces with it, in the prefence. 
of the monkies; then fubitituting a kind 
of glue inftead of water, leave the vef- 
fels behind them, and retire. The ob- 
fervant creatures feize the veftels, and 
do the fame; when the glue, adhering 
ftrongly to their hair and eyclids, com- 
pletely blinds them, and prevents every 
polfibility of their effecting an efcape. 
In other places, the natives take to 
the habitations of the monkies a kind of 
boots, which they put on ~and pull off 
their legs feveral times fuccettively. 
Thefe are then rubbed over in the infide. 
with a ftrong glue; and when the mon- 
keys attempt to do the fame, they are 
unable to difengage themfelves, and, 
confequently are caught without ditti- 
culty. 
Sometimes the inhabitants carry in 
their hands a mirror, and appear to 
amufe themfelves by "looking at 1 im 
different attitudes. “In place of thefe 
they leave a kind of traps, not unlike 
1 oy the 
