154 
eloth-workers, infiructed by regular ap- 
prenticelhips, have been formed to pro- 
jecute thofe who were not {o bred to the 
‘butnefs, The poor’s rates have ‘not 
been enhanced im cdnlequence of the 
employment of unapprenticed weavers, 
cloth-workers, and dyers. 
li. The weavers are averfe from being 
aficmbled to work together in large ma- 
mufaciories. ‘The manufacturers have no 
inducements to incline thei to aflemble 
their workmen to labour together, but 
that they may have the work performed 
quicker, “and with leis. embezziement of 
the y: am. The weavers are averfe from 
this, becaufe they do not like to work 
under too rigorous an infpection of their 
employers. Great quantities of yarn 
are embezzled while it is in the hands of 
the weavers. The weavers are, allo, 
accufiomed to take m work trom diiter- 
ent employers, and to keep it much too 
long belide them unexecuted: a practice 
which would be checked by bringing 
them to work. tocether under the em- 
ployer’s eye. Within theie laft thirty 
years, Spar vifh wool has rifen in price 
10d. per cent.; the wages to cloth- 
workers, 100], per cent.; the price of 
the manufactured cloth, only Sol. 
cent. - 
ELE. Daehn ry and Regulations.— 
The new machi nery, &c. employed in 
the woollen manufacture, is contrary to 
the regulations of the aucient law, yet 
Sha 
per 
indifpenfably requilite to the profperity of 
the trade. 
By the ufe of the /pring-/hutile, much 
moore. cloth than formerly is now made. 
The .annual. man ufacture of fupertine 
broad-cloth, im the town of Chippenham, 
is naw twice as much as it was at the 
diftance of twenty-five years fince. 
The gig-mill, prohibited by two fta- 
tutes of tis e relan of Edward Vv I, is ufed 
in the operations catled the rowing and 
ihe dre(ing of cloth. It renders the 
expence leis, by one half, than if the 
fame work were pe) inated with the 
hand only. It Goes not itretch out the 
cloth to more than oupst entieth part of 
that which was its L length when it 
came out of the Se: it has been ufed, 
time out of mind, im PAP aig ss ah 
and is now employed alfo in the counties 
ef Wilts. and Semerfet. The cloth is 
not found te fhrink more from the ule 
ef this machine, than .1f it were drefied 
with the hand only. Cloths dretfed in 
the gig-mill are preferred, both in the 
home and the foreign markets, as fofter, 
’ 
Facts relative to the Woollen Manufactures. 
4 
(March 1, 
mellower, and more uniform, than that 
which is dreffed with the hand. Cloths, 
unfaleable as being drefed with the 
hand, find purchatfers after they are re- 
dreffed i in the gig-mill. Before the ufe 
of the gig-mill was adopted 1 in Wilts and 
Somerfet, much of-the cloth made im 
thofe counties was fent inte Gloucefter- 
fhire to be mill-dreifed. 
From the gig-mill, the cloth is put ito 
the hands of the teamneen or into jheare 
lng ame ener y, te be ftinihed for the 
market. he fhearmen in Wiltfhire re- 
fufed, fora long time, to work after the 
cie-mill. They have been fince induced, 
in general, to return to their mafters. 
In contequence of the rivts of the weav- 
ers, cloth-workers, and fhearmen, | be+ 
caufe machinery was introduced, the 
principal part of the Wutthire cloth-work- 
ino branch was transferred, in 1602, to 
London, Bath, and other places. 
dicts impollible now for the manuface - 
turers to find fale for cloths made of the 
exact length, breadth, and weight pre- 
{cribed in the old fiatutes. The -diverlity 
of the markets now requires a variety. 
of fabrics unknown when the old flatute- 
law was framed. 1 The fineft and thin- 
nett sien are made for the Turkey- 
trade; 2, ladies’ cloths are m the next 
degree th icker; $, the next m thicknefs 
are made for the Welt India trade; 4, 
the next are for the Ruflia trade; 5, fu- 
perfne cloths are thicker full; 6, the 
thickeit of all.are denlshesmecitanl fuper+ 
fines, and a fpecies of narrow-cloths 
named raticens. The ftatutes which for- 
bid the exportation of cloths tacked and 
pretfed, and cloths unbarbed or unfhorn, 
cannot now be enforced without reader- 
ing the manufacturer unabie to fupply his 
foreign orders. : 
The ule of the hot-prefs, prohibited 
by the old laws, has become general, and 
could not be now ploont etna without 
ruin to certain branches ef the manu- 
facture, 
Certain prohibited ingredients are now 
ufed with advantage in ‘the boiling, from 
the imprevements in the chemiliry of 
dyeing. 
Spa cn fh wool has been introduced into 
the manufacture ince the enactment of 
the itatuies, and has occatioued great 
ehanves in it, which are moit beneficial, 
but which the fiatutes could not antici- 
pate and provide for. 
Lamb's weol, of which the ufeis fom 
bidden in ies ftatutes, has, by the im- 
proyements in machinery, and the pro- 
greets 
” 
