1807.) 
firft refleftar is made of materials not 
capable of tranfmuitting the ligut; and in 
this cale the fame is interpoted In part 
only between the eye and the faid paper 
or other material. In the former con- 
ftruction the firtt redector may be a piece 
of plain unfilvered glafs, which is capable 
of exhibiting the image of a contider vably 
duminous object | by reflection, ut the faine 
time that a piece of white paper or other 
furface may be feen through the glats, 
and the nnave of that object may be 
placed upon the faid paper or other fur 
face; but in cate the object be lefs 
bright, it may not be thus feen by reflec- 
tion from clear white elufs diltinétly 
euough te be delineated, and in this cafe 
glafs ‘that is blue, or of any other dark 
colour, will be preferable. But it is In 
general better to ule for the firlt reflector 
a glafs partly filvered, and to allow the 
paper to be feen through an Opening in 
the filvering, er pat the edges of ‘the 
fame by one portion of the eye, while 
the doubly- reflected objeét is feen in the 
filvering by the other portion of the fame 
eye. Thete glafles, or other fuitable re- 
flecting furfaces, when properly mounted, 
and fupported at a convenient diftance 
from the paper or other material upon 
whick the delineation is to be made, do, 
together with the neceflary framing, 
(which every competent wor man may 
ealily make of a variety of forms without 
farther inflwuction,) conititute the inftru- 
ment, adapted to the ufe of perions who 
ean with facility fee both near and, dif- 
tant objects; but for perfons who are 
fhort-fighted, a fuitable concave glafs is 
placed “before the diftant object, (o as to 
receive and traufmit the incident rays; 
and for long-fighted perfons a -fuitable 
convex plafs may be placed between the 
eye and the faid paper, or other material, 
ma 
> 
BIR. ROBERT VAZIF, (ST. MARY, ROTHER- 
HITKE, CIVIL ENGINEER) for Iinprove- 
ments in the Meufures of Coals in the 
Machinery for wor king Pijions; and 
for Signals for dnhane ed Curriages, 
“Granted November 6, 1806. 
To adjult the quantity of coals to be 
ufed in burning bricks and in baking 
earthen-ware, upon the outfide of the 
coal-bufhel meafure, with which the coals 
are meafured is placed a moveable femi- 
circular metal bow, upon which is tuf- 
pended three moveable bobs or pins of 
metal, or other material, fo as to form 
three guages of fuch length, and at fuch a 
diftance trom each other, as that when 
the meafure is filled with coals te the 
New Patents lately Enrolled 
17t 
height of feven inches perpendiculaz 
above the centre of the plane of the top 
of the meafure, the lower part ot the 
guage is equal to the height of the heap, 
and the lower part of the guages comes 
in-contaét with the firaight fide of the 
heap at a mean diftance froin the top ot 
the heap to the outtide of the meature ; 
whieh heap is as nearly in the torm of“@ 
cone as the nature of the coals will pers 
mit, the outlide of the meafure being the 
extremity of the bafe thereof. The bow 
and the guages are turned duwn by 
means of hinges, and lie on the outfide of 
the meafure at the time of filling it, 
Meafures thus aajufted may be ufetulty 
applied to the admeatfurement of coals 
for houfekold ule, and the other purpofes 
for which coals are uied; and alfo tor 
the meafuring of grain, fruit, roots, and 
{uch other articles as are ufually difpofed 
of by admeatureinent. 
To raife the water to be ufed in tem- 
pering and preparing clay, or other ma- 
terials, for making bricks and earthen- 
ware, in preference te & pump with one 
pitton or bucket, there may be applied a 
pump with two or more pifions or buckets, 
in the following manner:—Upon a bar of 
wood or iron, called a {pear or rod, where 
is to be fixed the uppermoitt pitton, upoR 
the undertide of the faid pilton is to be 
placed an eye of iron, or other metal, and 
by means of a hook, at the upper end of 
a feparate bar of wood or iron (upon 
which bar the undermoft pifton ig to be 
fixed) the different pifions are connected 
together. The diitance between the faid 
piltons is to be two feet; and for every 
thirty feet the water is to be raifed, ap- 
ply two piftons thus connected together, 
which vite and fall at one and the fame 
time by means of a lever, or other ima- 
chinery ufually apphed for that puryofe, 
Pittons, thus connected together, mav*be 
alfo apphed ulefully in a puimp to raife 
water from u imine, fhaft, pit or qudrry, 
or the hold of a hip, or refervoir for oe- 
neral purpofes, or for comprefing or es 
haufiing air or fkeam ; and the cock may 
alfo be ufefuily applied to retain or draw 
off liquid matter from a pipe, caik, or re= 
fervoir, or a boiler or vat. 
The fignal for ualired carringes’ is 
placed perpeadicu ularly; and when the 
carriage is hired the faid fignal is turucd 
down by means of a joint (fini ar to the 
joitit of a clafp knife,) and lies horizon- 
tally. In the night-time a lanthorn is 
placed containing a lamp or other light. 
When the carriage 1s unbired, the hght 
appears through certain characters cut in 
a fhutter ; and when the carriage is hired, 
XZ the 
