256 
fiye years, then, and at every eos naius 
tour or fie years, the pruning to be re- 
peated, till the {tem of the tree be clear 
torty feet ; after which, as to pruning, it 
may be left to nature. The rule for the 
heiyht of pruning, after the firft time, to 
behalf the extreme height of the tree, 
tll it attainstwenty years growth; and 
after that time, half che height of the tree, 
and as many feet more as “it is inches in 
diameter, at four feet from, the ground. 
‘The proper time for pruning, is between 
September and April, and tle tool to be 
ufed the faw. 
Fifteen guineas have been voted by the 
Society to Mr. Wittiam Neven, for 
weaving Cloth of an extremely fine gua- 
h ity ; by which improv emeint,- cotton, 
linen, &c. can be made much fooner and 
finer, “tha an by any method yet difcovered. 
Mr. N. fays, he has made a finall piece 
of plain filk ky from hard thrown filk 
Iu the gum, that contains 65,536 mefhes 
In a fquare inch. “It. is impoffible, ” he 
adds; “for any reed-maker to ma ke a reed 
half fo fine, as to weave fuch cloth upon: 
the nea principles of weaving; and 
eyen if that could be done, no weaver 
could make ufe or it: but by my methoc 
I weave as fine cloth in a twelve hundred 
reed, as by the prefent method in one of 
twenty-four h sundred, and with rather lets, 
than more trouble. 
The Society have again voted a pecu- 
nary reward of ten gumeas, for a Ma- 
chine to enable Shoemakers to make 
Shoes and Boots, without fuffering any 
preffure upon the ftomach. This premium 
is awarded to Mr. A. Stass, of Newport 
Market. The machine is defcyibed | by 
the inventor as {imple in itfelf, and fo 
confiructed that a man may fiand to his 
work, fit, or recline ina half fitting pof- 
ture, and without baving conttantly his 
work prefing againit his breaft or fto- 
mach. ‘This, we believe, is the third or 
fourth premium given by the Society for 
machines having ‘the fame object in view, 
ye t we have heard of non e of them being 
iikely to be brought into general ufe. 
Joun Trorren, efq. of Soho S ‘Square, 
kas obtained the aol Kiedal for his in- 
vention of the Curvilinear Saw. It con- 
filts Of a {pindle moving on two centers 
having at one pa a pulley, and at the 
other a concave faw, (with a correfpon- 
ding convexity to the curve required to 
be fawed,) fecured on the convex fide by 
a collar, and on the concave fide by a 
lodfe callar, and fcrew-nut. There are 
bwo grouved plates, adinitting through the 
‘ 
Proceedings of Learned Societies. | 
[Aprill, 
top of the bench and fence, fcrew-bolts 
faftened by thumb-nuts, by means of 
which, and a parallel motion, the fence is 
regulated, and confequently the conduétor 
of the wood, and admits it to be fawed 
through. The fence, conductor, and 
faw, mutt all be curved alike ; but to faw 
in {maller circles, with the fame faw, and 
at the fame time {quare with the face of 
the bench, a fieel flider, regulated by twa 
{crews, 1s Boece to prefs, as occafion may 
require, on the convex fide of the faw, and 
raife the vertical line of it to a right angle 
with the bench, otherwife the top of the 
bench itfelf mutt receive the fame incli- 
nation to the vertical line of the fixed 
faw. 
Fifteen pratt have been given to Mr, 
James Harore, of Glafgow, for a Book- 
» binders’ Cutting-prefs, which, the inventor. 
modeftly obferves, claims no other merit 
than that of havi ing fimplified the com-. 
mon prefs, rendered it more powerful, 
and adapted. to fave the time of the 
workman. This prefs effects the bufinefs 
by one iron {crew, inftead of two woeden 
ones , formerly ee The fcrew works in 
a nut let into, ana {crewed to a top piece, 
os lower end working in a collar, ferewed 
to a moving piece, fliding in grooves 
within the two fides of the frame. 
Twenty guineas have been voted to 
Mr. Bexsamry Srort, for his invention 
of a Machine for Splitting. Sheep-tkinss 
The common mode of drefling fins, 1 is to 
fhave one fide off, making glue of the 
parings; but by Mr. S's. method,. the 
ihavings are taken off in one piece, for- 
ming a good {kin of leather. 
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
R. Herscuer has laid before the 
7 Royal Society, which occunied the 
dttention of that learned body three even- 
ings, a paper on the Coloured Concentric 
Rings feen through their Plates or Lenfes. 
The Doctor detailed a ereat variety of 
experiments, made with lenfes of one 
hundred and twenty feet focus, down to 
thofe of the moft common glaffes. Thefe 
experiments, which we fhall hereafter 
give at large, feem to eftablifh the fact, 
that light could net have, as the great 
Newton fuppofed, fits of ealy tranfiniffion 
and reflection, cand therefore, that this 
phenomenon pe: concentric rings muft be 
afcribed to another caufe, which he in- 
tends to invefiigate at another time. 
Mr. Evernarp Home, has madefome Ob- 
fervations on the St omachs of Cetaceous, 
Kira ees : 3 Animals, 
