1807.]- 
The fyftem of Gaxt is now ridiculed 
throughout .Germany, and he was unable 
to procure an auditory at any of the 
places where he lately attempted to de- 
liver lectures. 
FRANCE. 
M. Trenanv. profefior in the college 
of Prance, has difcdvered in bile a-fac- 
charine matter, the exiitence of which 
had been hitherto only fufpected, and the 
property of whichis to hold the oil of the 
bile‘in folution. 
M. Srcurn has fotnd that coffee is 
compofad of albumen, oil, a particular 
fabfiance which he calls the bitter prin- 
ciple, and a green matter, which is'a 
combination of the albumen and bitter 
principle. Roafting increafes the pro- 
portion of bitter principle, by deftroying 
the albumen. The oil extracted from cof- 
fee is inodorous, congelable, and white 
like hog’s-lard. Farther experiments on 
other vegetables prove that albumen and 
the bitter principle are found in moft of 
thofe which he has examined. He con- 
cludes that albumen, whether vegetable 
or animal, is the true ferment, that it is 
found in three different degrees of info- 
lubility and difpofitions of becoming fi- 
brous ; that the more it is foMible, the 
more eneigetic its action; that the re- 
{pective proportions of albumen and fu- 
gar, in the different juices are what de- 
termines the vinous or acetic nature of 
the produce of the fermentation. 
M. re Grakcr has recently examined 
the fubitance called tannin, the “charac- 
ter of which is to form with gelatine an 
infoluble compound ; he finds in it an af- 
finity tor alkalies, ihe earths, and metal- 
lic oxydes and the faculty of converting 
itfelfinto gallic acid by abforbing cxygen. 
M. Azone has publifhed a Differtation 
on the Origin of the Compafs, with a view 
to prove that the French were the firft 
who made ufe of it. It was, he fays, 
known in France fo early as the twelfth 
century, under the name of mariniére ; 
and was ufed under the reign of Lewis 
IX. Gioja d’Amalfi, who is faid to be the 
inventor, lived not earlier than about the 
vear 1300. The flower-de-lis has cer- 
tainly heen adopted in all countries for 
the com pafs. 
* 
. 
eas 
ITALY. . 
The celebrated Canova has juft finifh- 
ed at Romen marble ftatue of Hebé which 
furpaties all his other works. The upper 
part of the goddefs is reprefented naked, 
the rest of her body is covered with a 
drapery of the moft ‘exquifite lightnefs. 
She is represented as performing the of- 
fice of cup-bearer at the table of the gods. 
Moxiuty Maw No. +55. 
Literary and Philofophical {ntelligence. 
269 
The feulptor intends making a copy of 
the tiatue in bronze. - 
A decree of the viceroy, Princr Eu- 
GENE, contains the following regulations : 
There fhall be in future no centorthip for 
works or journals printed in the kingdom 
of ftaly. The bureau of revifion, to which 
this duty was committed,, is fupprefled. 
Authors‘are refponfible for their works, 
and if their-names are not attixed, then, 
the refponfibility falls upon the printers. 
All authors or printers are required, on 
the very day their works or journals are 
firit expoted for fale, to fend four copies 
to the minifter of the interior, who, after 
previous examination fhall depofit one in 
the brary of the Univerlity of Bologna, 
another in that of the Univerlity of Padua, 
the third.in the Univerfity of Pavia, and 
‘the fourth in the library of Breva at Mi- 
lan. To reprefs fuch mifdemeanors as 
might be committed by the abufe of the 
hberty of the preis, a bureau, entitled the 
Bureau ofthe Liberty of the Prefs, is efia- 
blifhed under the direction of the minif- 
ter of the interior. 
| AMERICA. 
Tn the Statiftical Tables of the United 
States of America, publithed in 1805, the 
progrefs of population, commerce, and 
induitry, in the year previous to tle war 
in 1805, is thus tated: 
In 1774 In 1805 - 
“Number of inhabit- 
ants, including flaves 2,486,000 6,280,000 
Capable of bearing j 
arms aia vie 
Dathors i) Wl). fey We ivon 
‘Value of goods ex- 
ported, in piafters 
Average price of day~ 
APOE ie ley ys 6d. 
Average price of a 
bufhel of wheat — 12d. 
Expences, civil lift, 
and incidents, pi- 
afters Sb icant 
Eximated quantity 
of circulating coin 
in/piafkers lh rs 
Bank-fecuritics in 
circulation . . 
Numbez of banks . 
Funded Debt in . 
1784 . . . . 79,937,301 97,232,000 
‘Noau Wezster, Kfq. author of feve- 
ral valuable works, has lately publithed 
at Philadelphia a compendieus Dittion- 
ary of the Englifh Language, in which 
five thoufand words are added to the 
number found in the beft Englifh Dic- 
tionary; the orthography is, in fome in- 
fiances altered, and the definitions of 
many words yaried, 
* Mm 
421,300 1,100,090 
13,000 66,000 
6,100,000. 95,566,011 
15d. 
26de 
400,458 604,795 
4,000,000 18,000,000 
2,000,009 15,000,000 
3 (2 
MONTHLY 
ee ee aa. S_—_——_—a~. 
