336 
fider either of the two conftructions as 
ufed to one or feveral, by a perfon, who 
wilhes the jétting not to be near or by 
fome other perfon in the company, but 
to be by or near him in preference to any 
one elle. On the leatt reflection, it will 
be evident, that, in by myfelf or by me, the 
word by is, as to value, different from the 
by which I have difcufled before, and 
that by myfelf is fomething more than a 
redundant expreffion, however emphati- 
cally uttered, ia regard to myfelf, by the 
perfon. It is evident alfo that my/elf is 
not here a refleétive pronoun, and yet 
it excludes every one, who is not the per- 
fon that utters the above combination of 
words. Indeed, if the perfon had faid : 
“ Come and fit by THAT TABLE,” (point- 
ing to it) every place not about that ta- 
ble would have been excluded, fince I 
have proved, (fee Monthly Magazine, p. 
236) that every fort cf prepofition may 
introduce a noun or pronoun to be view- 
ed, as excluding all individuals, that are 
not reprefented by that noun or pronoun.” 
Confidering the detached form in which 
the above paragraph appears; it feems 
proper to adda tew explanatory remarks. 
tn the firft place it fhould be obierved, 
that it was Dr. Johnfon who confidered 
by myfelf, dc. as excluding every other 
individual ; but the author of the Even- 
ings of Southill has given to that fort of 
by the value of afJoczate, and, anticipating 
objections to this meaning, is defirous of 
removing them. It may beafked, how, in 
the phrafe, I shall dine by myfelf,myfelf can 
be confidered as an affociate to f. ‘This ob- 
jeétion is eafily removed by the author's 
grand principle, “ Prepofitions are mere- 
ly ufed to avoid queftions likely to be put 
for the fake of obtaining circumftantial 
ftatements.” Now, after having faid, I 
frall dine, if any perfon were to afk me 
with whom? I, having no companion or 
affociate, fhould be forced to reply no- 
body, or I alone. Therefore, as by my- 
elf is equal to Lalone, it follows of courte, 
that though by myfelf is prefented as an 
affociate to the individual J, yet myfelf 
becomes a fort of negative affociate, or 
no aflociate at all, merely becaufe my- 
felf means here the very individual al- 
ready reprefented by I, and is introduced 
in the very place where a real aflociate 
might have been mentioned ; having with 
for its prefix, as would be the cafe in the 
phrafe I fhall dine with my brother, in- 
ftead of, I thall dine by myfelf. | 
It may alfo be objected, that in fuch a 
combination of wordsas by myfelf, &c. 
the prepofition by 1s not always equal to 
Journal of a Voyage in the Indian Seas. 
\ 
{May 1, 
affociate, fince by may mean proximity 
of place, and by imy/elf, may ftand for 
near myfelf, which does not feem to im- 
ply evclufion. This objection is alfo re- 
moved by the grand principle already 
mentioned; for it proves, that in the phrate 
Come and fit by myfelf, every individual 
not myfelf would be excluded in regard 
to the manner in which I requefted him 
to come and fit; and, at the fame time, 
it thews that Dr. Johnfon had attributed 
to by alone a force of exclufion, to which 
every prepofition was really entitled. And 
indeed, if any perfon fhould remain fi- 
lent, after faymg Come and fit, he would 
be afked, where = or; how? and his an- 
{wer would probably be, here or there, 
(pointing to the place); or he would re- 
ply, by me or by myfelf, near me or near 
myfelf, &c, 
To conclude, it muft be granted, I 
think, that my friend Salmon was the 
firtt who difcovered the principle, that 
whatever is, in a fentence, prefented as 
governed by one and the fame prepofition, 
actually excludes every indwidual not 
mentioned as an affociate, And, I truit, 
it will alfo be allowed that he is free from 
the blame which attaches to Dr. Johnfon 
and other philologifts, for having imagined 
that by, and all other prepofitions, had 
not always the power of excluding from 
their adjunéts, all the individuals not im- 
plied in the adjunéts themfelves. 
Epping, 1807. J. Payne. 
EE 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
JOURNAL of @ voyaGE performed in the 
INDIAN SEAS, ¢0 MADRAS, BENGAL, 
CHINA, §c., &c., ti HIS MAJESTY’S 
SHIP CAROLINE, in theyEARS 1808-4-5, 
inter[perfed with short DESCRIPTIVE 
SKETCHES of the PRESENT STATE of the 
principal SETTLEMENTS of the INDIA 
COMPANY. : 
Communicated to the MONTHLY MAGAZINE 
by an OFFICER of that SHIP. 
FE, itarted from Malacca on the 
16th of September, and fhaped our 
courte for the {traits of Sincapore, where 
we arrived in two days with a light and 
pleafant breeze; we came to an anchor 
in the middle of thefe ftraits for the pur- 
pofe of collecting the convoy, a part of 
‘which we had left behind at Malacca, to 
repair the damages they had received in 
-the ftraits by lightning. 
The {traits of Sincapore are formed by 
a clufter of innumerable little iflands, 
lying off the moft fouthern part of the - 
Malay peninfula, They are sabes: 
4 wit 
