’ 
630 . Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Classical Literature, &c. 
ther it be good or base; and though, ac- 
cording to this, he acts unjustly, never- 
theless he is not unjust. For a physician 
may deceive without being a deceiver, 
since it is not his end to deceive, but to 
preserve his patient. In like manner 
also a person stealing a sword from a ma- 
‘Mac, does not seek to receive the more 
for himself, and to gain secretly from his 
neighbour, as a thief would do; but the 
end he has in view is the preservation of 
the maniac. Every action, however, re- 
ccives its form and definition from the 
end, and through this also its name; 
since a name Is a concise definition. For 
we do not say that a general, who fre- 
quently prepares helepolides, or other 
warlike engines, for the purpose of be- 
sieging a town, 1s an architect or a car- 
penter: he performs the works indeed of 
the architect and the carpenter, and is, 
said to build; but because he has not the 
end of an architect in view, but that of 
a general, he is not an architect, but a 
ee and is called by that name. 
Thus also he who saaeee his neigkbour’s 
bed, but does not deliberately intend to 
do so through intemperance, but through 
a love of money, is not an adulterer, but 
a lover of riches. It is possible, there- 
fore, for a man to act unjustly, and yet 
not to be unjust-according to that parti- s 
eular injustice of which he does the deed ; 
but he is either not at all unjust in the 
same manner as the physician above- 
mentioned, or he acts unjustly according 
to a different species of aati in the 
same manner as the adulterer: and how 
this happens has been < Hoe ea 
av is also possible, in another manner, for 
aman to act unjustly; as for instance, 
a man in the night not knowing a thief, 
and killing some other person, acts un- 
justly indeed, but nevertheless is not un- 
Tee ” 
With respect to the translation, it ap- 
pears to have been faithfully executed ; 
and retains much of the manner as w ell 
as the matter of the original. Our Retro- 
spect is, from its ne xture, ¢ confined; or we 
should have gladly given a more extend- 
ed account of the Paraphrase on the Ni- 
comachean Ethics. 
The value of Dr. Adam’s work on 
Roman Antiquities has been so long ac- 
knowledged, that we feel a pleasure i in 
announcing a companion to it im Mr, 
Rosinson’s “ Archeologia Greca.” In 
the Preface, Mr. Robinsoz canfesses him- 
self very much indebted to the well 
known work of Archbishop Potter, which 
he has, indeed, made the basis of his own; 
divesting it of the historical and mytho- — 
logical digressions, and of the long quo- 
tations froin the classics, with which it is 
encumbered. He has also made great 
use of the Travels of Anacharsis, by the 
Abbé Barthelemy, of the Antiquitates 
Grecorum Sacre of Lakemacher, and of 
the Antiquitates Grece of Lambertus 
Bos, enriched with the notes of Frederic 
Geisner: and he has occasionally con- 
sulted the Dissertations on the Greeks, 
by De Pauw. The second book, how- 
ever, on the Civil Government of Sparta, 
appears to have been chiefly compiled 
from Cragius’s work de Republica Lace- 
demoniorum. At first, Mr. Robinson 
says, it was his intention to have extended 
his enquiries to the manners and customs 
of the several states of Greece, and es- 
pecially to those of Athens, Sparta, 
Thebes, Rhodes, and Macedon. -But 
the difficulty of obtaining the necessary 
materials, obliged him to relinquish a part 
of his design, and to limit himself chiefly 
to Athens and Sparta. There is, how- 
ever, perhaps, no great reason for re- 
gretting this abandonment of a part of | 
his original plan. The- Athenians and 
Lacedzmonians were, properly speaking, 
the only original nations in Greece; and 
all the others could only be considered as 
shades, partaking, more or less of these 
two paenne colours.. The inhabitants 
of Crete, Rhodes, Megaris, Messenia, 
and some parts of Peloponnesus, imita- 
ted the customs of Sparta; while the 
other Greeks of Europe adopted in gene- 
ral the modes and civil institutions of 
Athens, unless where local cireumstances 
occasioned some deviation, too trifling to 
excite a general interest. An account of 
the manners and customs of Sparta is 
certainly necessary in a work of this na- 
ture; and it affords matter of surprise, 
that Potter, Bos, and other writers whe 
have treated on Grecian Antiguitics, 
should have scarcely noticed those of so 
considerable and peculiar a state as Lace- 
demon. As preliminary subjects, we — 
have a brief History of the Grecian 
States; followed by Biographical Sketches 
of the principal Greek Authors, with - 
short comments on their writings. The 
work itseld > divided into five books; 
g to the Civil Government 
; 155 the second to the Ci- 
nt,of the Spartans; the 
ats generally of the Reli- 
reeks; the fourth concerns 
their Mili ary affairs; and the fitth their 
private Life. As a specimen, we shall 
quote the twenty- -second chapter eee 
thir 
