Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Classical Literature, Kc. 631 
third book, relating to the Pythian 
Games. 
‘‘ The Pythian games were celebrated 
in honor of Apollo, near Delphi (Pind. 
Python. Od. VI_), avd are supposed by 
some to have been instituted by Am- 
phictyon, the son of Deucalion, or by 
the council of the Amphictyons. Some 
refer the institution of them to Agamem- 
non (Phavorin.): and some to Diomedes 
(Pausan. Corinth.). But the most com- 
mon opinion is, that Apollo himself was 
the author of them, after he had over- 
come the python, which was a serpent 
(Ovid. Met. I. 445); and hence these 
games were sometimes called mavnyuers 
@Dews (Clem. Alex.).. At first they were 
celebrated once every ninth year (Plut. 
Quest. Grec.), and hence that period 
was denominated évvearegsss but, after- 
wards, they were observed every fitth 
year, which period was called gevras- 
THEb« 
“© The rewards were certain apples 
consecrated to Apollo (Lucian. de Gym.), 
and garlands of laurel ( Pausan. Phocic.; 
flian, Var. Hist, ILL., 1; Pind. Pyth. 
Od. VIII., v. 28). At the first institu- 
tion of these games, the victors were 
erowned with garlands of palm (Plut. 
Sympos. VILL, probl. 4), or of beech 
(Ovid. Met. I., v. 449). Some say, that, 
in the first Pythian solemnity, the gods 
contended in horse-races, running, throw- 
ing the quoit, boxing, wrestling, &c. and 
that Apollo honoured them with crowns’ 
of laurel; but others affirm (Sérab. lib. 
XI; Pausan. Phocic.), that at first there 
was only a imusical contention (xi8aeu- 
dix), in which he who best sung the 
praises of Apollo, obtained the prize,. 
which was either gold or silver, but which 
was afterwards changed .into a garland. 
If the prize was money, the games were 
called ayaves agyvertos; if only a gar- 
land, aywveg seQovras, DvArwas, &c, 
“ Thee was also another song cailed 
Tlobinds ydi0g, to which a dance was 
performed. It consisted of these five 
parts, in which the contest of Apollo 
and Python was represented (Séirub. ib. 
IX.; Poll. IV. 10, seg. 84): 1. Avaxpeons, 
which’ contained the preparation to bat- 
tle; 2.”"Auseipa, the firse essays towards 
it; 3. KaramncAevopds, ‘ction itself, 
and the god’s exhortatic simself to be 
courageous; 4. len ‘autvao, the 
insulting sarcasms \oover the 
vanquished Python; 5/2, yds or Lo- 
peyyes, the hiss of the serpent as he died. 
Some divide this song into the six parts 
{llowing: 1, Tkeipe, the preparation; 2. 
/ 
oh 
< 
soon Jaid aside. 
"Teu8os, in which Apollo dared Python 
to engage by invectives; 3. Aaxtudos, 
which was sung in honour of Bacchus; 
4. Kpnrinds, in honour of Jupiter; 5. Mn- 
T Pwo, in honour of Mother Earth; 6. Zv- 
pryyn0s, the hissing of the serpent. But by 
others, it is thus described: 1. Ileipe, the 
preparation; 2. Karaxerevojos, the chal- 
lenge; 3. TapGsxos, the fight. 4. Zaovdeioc, 
the celebration of victory, from ogrerdesy, 
to offer a libation; 5. Keraxépevors, the 
dancing of Apollo after the victory (Poll, 
Onom. lib. IV., cap. 10). 
“ In the third year of the forty-eighth 
Olympiad, flutes (avAwdsas), which had not 
till that time been used in this solemnitya 
were introduced by the Amphictyons, who 
were presidents of these games (Strad. 
hb. 1X.; Pausan. Phoc.; Plut. Sympos. 
V., probl.2); but, because they appeared 
more proper for funereal songs, they were 
The Amphictyons also 
added all the gymnastical exercises used 
in the Olympian games ( Pawusan. Phocic.; 
Schol. Pind.); and they enacted a law, 
that none but boys should contend in 
running. Afterwards, horse and chariot 
races (Pausan. ibid.; Schol. Pind. ), and 
contests in poetry and the fine arts 
(Plut. Sympos. V. probl. 2; Phin. lib. 
VII., cap. 37) were introduced. The 
laurel, with which the victors were crown- 
ed, was brought from Thessaly ( Lucan, 
VI. 409). 
“« These games were celebrated on the 
sixth (Plut. Sympos. VIII, 1; Quest. 
Grec.), or, aS others say, on the se- 
venth day (Schol. Pind.) of the Delphic 
month Brows, which corresponds with 
the Athenian Oapynrrwv ; but whether 
they continued more days than one, is 
uncertain.” 
Sach is Mr. Robinson’s Archeologia 
Greca. It is accompanied by a map of 
ancient Greece: an Index of remarkable 
things: and an Index of Greek words 
and phrases. 
The last work we have to notice in this 
class, is formed by the smaller works of 
Rubnkenius, which have been collected by 
Mr. Krpp, and deserve attention, both 
from the $cholar and the critic. 
ANTIQUITIES. 
The seventh and eighth Portions of 
Mr. Britton’s “ Architectural Antiqui- 
ties,” beside the concluding part of 
Malmsbury, contain a Sequel to the Es- 
say on Round Churches, in the History of 
that of Little Maplested, in Essex: fol- 
lowed by an Essay on the Flistory and 
Description of Colchester Castle. 
‘“ The church of Maplested, (Mr. 
4M 2 Britton 
