634 
knight companion of the order of the 
Bath; and received in 1774, as a further 
reward for his services, the appointment 
of governor and constable of the castle 
and fortress of Toome. In December 
4775, we find him appointed captain ge- 
neral and governor of the southern Ca~- 
ribbee Islands of Grenada, the Grena- 
dines, and Tobago; and on June 10, 
1776, advanced to the peerage of Ire- 
land, by the title of Lord Macartney, 
Baron of Lissanoure, in the county of 
Antrim. His administration at the Carib- 
bees, gave general satisfaction: and it 
contributed in no smal] degree to that 
galiant resolution with which the island 
of Grenada was afterwards defended, 
when attacked and subdued by a superior 
force under Count d’Estaing in 1779, 
Lord Macartney was now sent a close 
prisoner to France; his private fortune 
was materially injured by the capture; 
and he had the still further misfortune to 
lose not only his papers and accounts, but 
also the mass of observations and mate- 
rials which he had gathered while trayel- 
ling through the different states of Eurupe; 
and by the accidental firing of a vessel in 
which Lady Macartney had embarked for 
Europe, even the duplicates of such as 
he had thought most worthy preservation. 
His lordship remained but a short time 
as a prisoner of war at Limoges, before 
he was permitted to return to England; 
and was almost immediately after sent 
upon a confidential mission to Treland. 
Toward the close of 1780 the distracted 
state of the presidency of Madras led the 
Court of Directors of the East India Coi- 
pany to name him as the person most 
proper in their opinion for promoting the 
tranquillity of the settlement, and the 
prosperity of their affairs on the coast of 
Coromandel. On the 21st of June 1781, 
he arrived before Pondicherry, and the 
following day landed at Madras, opened 
his commission, and took possession of 
his government. He found the situation 
of affairs on the coast in a more deplora- 
ble condition than he could well have ima- 
gined. Hyder Ali was in the midst of a 
' victorious career. His successes had ena- 
bled him to spread his numerous horse 
over all the Carnatic. Parties approach- 
ed daily to the very gates of Madras: and 
the nabob of Arcot and his family were 
obliged to take refuge in the town. Under 
Lord Macartney’s direction, confidence 
in the government was not only revived 
to individuals, but the troops both in 
camp and garrison acquired fresh spirit 
from the marks of attention which were 
Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Biography- 
shewn to their demands; and they soon 
after gave the strongest proofs of their 
bravery, discipline, and attachment, in 
the defeat of Hyder, under Sir Eyre _ 
Coote, at Porto Novo. The critical 
state, However, of the affairs of India, 
fully justified Lord Macartney’s efforts to 
bring about a general reconciliation with 
the native powers. The peace with the 
Mahrattas, was followed by a second, 
and even a third defeat of Hyder’s army ; 
the capture of the Dutch getilements of 
Sadras, Pulicat, Madepollam, Policat, 
Jaggernautporam, Bimlipatam, and Ne- 
gapatam, dissolved the connection which 
had been formed between that power and 
Hyder; and the assignment of the reve-~ 
nues of the Carriatic from the Nabob of 
Arcat, to Lord Macartney, for the use of 
the corapany rendered the termination of 
1781 auspicious to the company’s affairs. 
The next year, however, was calamitous. 
Toward its close Hyder Ali was succeeded 
in his government by Tippoo Saheb; 
with whom it is more than probable an 
early peace might have been concluded, 
could Lord Macartney have acted as he 
wished. In the account of this part of 
Lord Macartney’s life, Mr. Barrow has 
entered minutely into the conduct of Gen. ° 
Stuart, who was seized by Mr. Staunton, 
under Lord Macartney’s direction, and 
sent to England as a prisoner. A peace 
was now concluded with Tippeo. The 
undue interference of the supreme coun- 
cil at Bengal with the presidency of Ma- 
dras, however, became a source of 
great mortification to Lord Macartney ; 
which only ended with the removal of 
Mr. Hastings from his government; almost 
immediately after which, 1 consequence 
of the premature restitution which was 
ordered from England, of the assignment 
of the Carnatic revenues, Lord Macart- 
ney himself retired from Madras. Pre- 
vious to hs departure, he entered an af- 
fidavit and a declaration on the records 
of the council; the first declaring that 
from the day of his arrival he had never 
by himself, or by any other person for 
him, directly or indirectly accepted or 
received for his own benetit, from any 
person or persons whomsoéver, a present 
or presents of any kind, except two pipes 
of . Madeira are from two particular - 
- i Die cee =~ EN 
friends, a few bottles of Champagne and 
we) 
Burgundy, and some fruits and provisions 
of very trifling value. Further that he 
had confined himself solely to the com- 
pany’s allowances, which were 40,000 
pagodas per annum, and the commission 
and consulage on coral, which, during 
his 
