1806. } 
Three Inftitutions for the promotion of 
Watural Philofophy and the Arts, have 
been lately eftablifhed in the United States 
of America. The firft is an Academy of 
the Fine Arts, of which the firtt idea 1s 
due to Mr. Livingfton. The public were 
.fo fenfible of its importance, that long 
before the arrival of the plaifter of Yaris 
calts, which he prefented to ‘ae infant 
fociety, the number of (ubfcribers, at 25 
piafires cach, amounted to 180. The fe- 
cond inftitution is a Botanic Garden in 
-the neighbourhood of New York; as yet 
but a {mall part of the vegetable kingdom 
-are to be feen in it, but the admirers of 
botany haften to fend to it every interefting 
plant which is to be found‘in their vici- 
rity. The charier of incorporation of the 
fubicribers, is entirely conformable to the 
views of the founders of this garden of 
plants, and, according to cuftom, enfures 
the permanency of the eftablifhment: when 
the hot-houfes are finifhed, it-is expected, 
that the collection of every thing rare and 
-moft interefiing, produced by the fouthern 
ftates, will be completed. The third in- 
ftitution is an Agricultural Society, efta- 
‘blifhed at Wafhington, under the fpecial 
protection of government. The prefident 
of the United States, who is a moft en- 
hightened agriculturift, the chief men of 
the adminiftration, the fenators, and the 
deputies of congrefs, are all members of it 
officially. “Phe fociety being now wealthy: 
from the fums granted by government, 
and the numerous fub{criptions of affo- 
ciates and corre{pondents, have purchafed 
a handfome houfe, and a farm of thirty 
acres; they have alfo begun a library ; and 
are in pofleffion of the fine colle&tion of 
ploughs, aud other inftruments of agricul- 
ture, which formerly belonged to general 
Wafhington: the form of its adminiftra- 
tion, the number and the fuccefiion of its 
members, the capital which it may poflefs 
({oecified in bufnels of corn) and its whole 
Organization is regulated by its charter of 
incorporation ; which conititutes this affo- 
ciation a body pelitic, and fixes the per- 
petulty of its continuation, 
M: Tromsporrr gives the following 
procefs for obtaining cobalt pure. ** Mix 
four parts of weil pulverized zaffre with 
one part of nitrat of potafh, and half a 
part of charcoal in powder 5 project this 
mixture, in {mall quantities at a time, 
into a red-hot crucible, and repeat this 
operation three times, adding each time 
to the refiduum new portions of nitrat of 
potath and charcoal, The mafS is then 
to be mixed with one part of black flux, 
Montary Mas, No. 139, 
% 
Literary and Philofophical Intelligences - GF 
and expofed for an hour ip Aenteible to 
ared heat. The w'iofe is to be left to 
cool; the metall’¢ cobalt to be feparated, 
pulverized, ‘nixed with three times its 
weight of nitrat of potath, and the mix- 
ture detonated as before. The iron con- 
tained in the cobalt will be ftrongly oxy= 
dated, and the arfenic acidified combines 
with the potafh. The mafs pulverized is 
to be repeatedly lixivated and filtered 5 in 
this manner the arfeniat of potafh formed 
will be feparated from the infoluble reti- 
due which contains the cobalt. This ree 
fidue is then to be treated with nitric 
acid, which diffolves the cobalt without 
attacking the iron which is found at its 
maximum ot oxydation. The folution is 
_then to be evaporated to drynefs, the refi- 
due re-diffolved in nitrous acid, and the 
liquor filtered, in order to feparate the 
laft portions of the oxyd of iron which 
might have efcaped in the firft operation. 
AJl that remains to be done after this, is 
to decompofe the nitrat of cobalt by pot- 
afb, to wath the precipitate, and to effect 
its reduction by means of heat. 
M. Putty, a French chemift, has 
lately employed himfelf in analyfing . 
Dr. James’s powder; and as the refult 
of many experiments, he fays of nineteen. 
parts of James’s powder there are of 
Parts. 
Oxyd of antimony += - - = 7 
Phofphat of lime - = - + @ 
Sulphat of potafh - = - - 4% 
Free potafh, containing oxyd k 
of antimony - - = : 
19 
To recompofe this powder, he takes 
Sulphat of antimony - - - 2 
Calcined phofphat of lime - 1% 
Nitrat of potafh = - = = 4 
Xe) 
7 
Thefe fubftances are to be pulverized, 
mixed, and triturated. They are then to 
be put into a crucible, which is to be 
clofed, and ftrongly heated. During this 
operation, the 6xygen of the nitric acid, 
aGling upon the fulphur of the antimony, 
conveits it into fulphurie acid, which | 
unites with a portion of the potafh, and 
forms falphat of potafh; the reft of the 
free potath retains antimony cxydated at 
the minimum, The white powder which 
remains in the crucible is the fame as that 
known by the name of James’s powder. 
I ) MONTHLY 
