38086. | 
Tor avruy oF euTES ASivawy yevao- 
vorup, ’ SCC. 
«© Quotquot enim talia faciunt, reperi- 
e€tis id facere, vel quod liberi eis non funt 
genuini, vel quod ubi fint egeftate coaStos 
extraneos adoptare, ut aliquam ex ils utili- 
tatem capiant qui, per ipfus, cives Athe- 
nienfes faéti funt.”’ 
Thus far I agree with W., i. e., in 
his Latin verfion of the latter part of the 
paflage; but he moreover inquires,;— 
“‘ Why have we coad7os in the accufative, 
and not coadiz rather, to agree with the 
nominative i//i underftood after quod, and 
to form with fizt the paffive coadti fint ?” 
A comma after egefiate and reperietis 
would have obviated the neceffity of this 
query; and the current Ggnification of the 
paffage would be,— 
“ Keperictis enim quotquot talia a 
unt coactos (evencere aveyrecoeves) id 
facere, vel quod liberi eis non fint ge- 
nuini, vel per paupertatem, ut aliquam,” 
Ce 
But ubt fint egeftate is evidently a pleo- 
nafm: ose geviav fhould be rendered by 
egenies, and the tranflation then reads,— 
“¢ Qnotquot enim talia faciunt reperi=- 
elis id tacere coacios, vel quod liberi, &c. 
vel per pauperialem.” 
IT trutt that this explanation will felve all 
sloubts in the mind of W., and. remain, 
Sir, your's, &c. Duipivs. 
London, Dec. 9, 1805. 
Se ESS ells et 
To the Editor of the Monthly OSS 
SiR, 
HE freezing of the water ia the pipes 
often proves to many families a fe- 
rious inconvenience, which, however, 
from my. own experience, I conceive they 
might in moft cafes prevent by a mode- 
rate fhare of attention, and ata trifling 
expenfe. 
In the main pipes, I wunderftand that the 
water feldom or nevey freezes: the freez- 
ing, theretore, generally, if not always, 
taxes place in the fmall branches which 
run from the main to each boufe. Even 
of thefe I believe that the part which is 
Jodged in the ground is fecure from froft, 
except where the pipe lies very near the 
furface. If this fuppofition be true, as 
T have reafon to thisk it is, the whole 
mifchief happens within the {pace between 
the ciftern-cock and the hole in the wall 
where the leaden-pipe firft enters the pre- 
mifes ; and the caufe of itis, that, after 
the cock has been flopped, a certain quan- 
tity of water remains ftagnant in the cold 
leaden-pipe, which, in an open area or 
| Freezing of Water in the Pipes. 31 
Sy 
coal-vault, will naturally foon freeze in fe- 
vere weather. | 
To prevent that evil, the remedy is as 
obvious, as this axiom 1s true, that 
where 20 water iS no water can freeze. 
Let zo water remain ftagnant in the pi ie 
and you are fafe. Fix a ‘{fmall cock to th 
pipe, as near to the main as you Soffit 
‘can: add another cock in every part 
within your premifts where the pipe 
makes a bend downward. Let your fer- 
ant watch when the water is turned off 
from the main, thea immediately opea 
thofe different cocks to. draw off the 
fmall quantity of water remaining in the 
leaden-pipe, and fuifer them to remain 
open until it be drained perfectly dry. By 
this finple precaution, Ihave. during five 
winters, regularly feeured to mytclf a 
plentiful fupply of water, though my 
neighbours, within that period, were oc- 
cafionally frozen up. 
If any perfon obje&t to the expenfe of 
two or three extra-cocks, he may avoid it, 
and yet (I fuppofe) accomplith the defired 
object tolerably well, by fimpiy boring 
holes in the proper parts of the pipe, 
wiich he may top with fmall corks or 
wooden pegs. 
Much soud may alfo be done by the 
plumber in laying the pipe in the firt in- 
ftance. I would recommend, that, withia 
the premifes, it be no wheve fuffered to 
run horizontally 5 bur that, from the {pot 
where it fir enters, it be floped alittle up 
or down, according to circumftances 3 and 
that, in its furcher progrefs to the ciftern, 
it be raifed and lowered at convenient dif. 
tances, fo that the draining-cocks may be 
few in number, and eafily acceflible, Tt 
would moreover be advifable, when once 
the pipe is properly iaid, to fecure it with- 
in a ftrong wooden cale, as a guard 
againft various accidents, by which it 
might be fo bent as to form a lodgment 
for fiagnant water to freeze in. 
And, as the water often continues ia 
the main for fome time after the cifern- 
cock has been ttopped, aad there may. be - 
danger, during very fevere weather, of 
having the now dormant water frozen in 
the pipe in the area before the proper mo- 
ment for the férvantto open the draining- 
cocks—it would not be amiis to protect 
that part of the pipe with a thick coating 
of pitch, or pitch and rofin—over thar, 
rope, or many-fold canvas—and again 
pitch, with a wooden cafe over all. 
Iam, Sir, your conitant reader, 
j, Carey. 
Tfington, January 2, 1895, : 
yi 
