1806.] 
particularly ftriking. In the whole num- 
ber, at leaft feven ovt of eight had been 
brought there for having committed great- 
er or {maller thefts ; and that no innocent 
perfon was amongft them, could be eafily 
proved by their organs for thieving, which 
were feen or felt at the fir{t look er touch. 
Even the moft obftinate {ceptics were 
obliged to yield to the convincing proofs 
of this organ. Whoever cannot read 
thefe charaéters, will hardly be able to 
read any thing which the finger of nature 
has written. But here Dr. Gall protetted, 
in the moft folemn manner, againft all 
mifinterpretations, by repeating feveral 
times to thofe who were prefent, that 
though the organ for thieving was promi- 
nent in moft of the prifoners, it would be 
wrong and dangerous to judge that every 
perfon provided with the fame organ mutft 
be a thief.* It was, however, remark- 
able, that in mot of the whole company 
of rogues, the organ for reflection, which 
is placed on both fides of the upper part 
of the fkull, was fcarcely to be feen at 
2ll ; as, on the contrary, the organ of 
luft was eminently difclofed in many of 
them. The want of the former makes 
carelefs beggars and vagabonds, and the 
ftronger exiftence of the latter leads often 
to pilfering and cheating, particularly in 
fervants. 
Whenever Dr. G. met with fome orga- 
nizations either very fortunate or untortu- 
nate, he did not fail to make judicious 
obfervations upon them, and ordered thofe 
whofe fkulls and organs were fimilar, te 
ftand next to each other, that they might 
be readier for infpection and comparifon. 
This happened with four particularly dif 
tinguifhed heads, whofe depreffed and flat 
fkulls feemed to fhew fomething particular- 
ly fullen and beaftly. Dr. G. took this op- 
portunity to explain how thefe people 
might have been aflifted by an early edu- 
cation, and by a prudent choice of their 
profeflion. However, he and Dr. Spurz- 
heim, his fellow-traveller, declared, that: 
befides thefe four very unfavourably 
formed heads, there was in the whole 
number not another to be found who had 
fuch a dejeéted and diftorted face an: 
fkull as he had generally met with in the 
prifons and houfes of correction in Berlin, 
and that what was an exception here was a 
rule there. It was furprifing to him to find 
fo many prifoners at Torgau who were 
* Accoréing to Gall’s doétrine, organs 
point out prominent imna/e propeniities and 
mental powess, but involve not the neceflity 
ef their being exerted or cultivated, 
Dr. Gall’s Syftem of Craniology, +» 199 
confined 04 delifla carnalia, as in the 
Auttrian and Pruffian dominions crimes 
of this fort are not fo feverely punifhed. 
Some very favourably organized perfons 
juftified their exterior at a minute’s invef- 
tigation. ‘¢ Why did you refift fo obfti- 
nately your fuperiors ?”’ exclaimed Gall, 
at the fight of a man who was only pu- 
nifhed for feditious {peeches and obftina. 
cy ; and really the upper aod back part 
of his fkuil, where Dr. G. finds the organ 
of thedefire for glory and firmne{s, which 
degenerates fo often into obftinacy, were 
uncommonly prominent. In another he 
met with the organs of wit, and called 
that conftrugtion a very happy and pro- 
mifing one which was to be found in great 
poets. The man was really notorious for 
wit ; anda perfon who had known him 
before his confinement, affured us, that 
he recollected his making verfes extempore. 
Befides the organ of thieving and cunning, 
which thewed itfelf in fpite of every dif. 
guife, no other diftinguifhed itfelf fo much 
as that of reprefentation, which, accord- 
ing to Gall’s doétrine, is confpicuous in 
actors, mimics, and wags. 
Thus ended this interefting infpe&ion 
of fkulls and organs, which is highly in- 
{truétive to the obferver of mankind, and 
to the philofophical phyfician. We loft 
much by the abfence of the experienced 
phyfician Dr. Michaelis, who could have 
explained many things which appeared to 
us enigmatical. ‘This lofs was more fe- 
verely felt on our vifiting next the female 
ideots avd lunatics. What a field fora 
plychological phyfician and anatomift! 
In the lower rooms of the right wing 
were found thofe whofe ftate required to be 
put in chains, It had already been re- 
folved tointroduce more generally the ule 
of ftrait waiftcoats. Only two of them 
were in violent paroxyfms, but they fhew- 
ed by their language the caufe of their 
mifery, that is to fay, extravagant Juft. 
One of them fuffered Dr. Gall to touch 
her fkull, and this produced the ufua} ef- 
fe&t of her difordered inflingét. It was 
obferved, that the moft frequent effect of 
phrenzy was the volubility of the tongue, 
and an inclination to bruife and deftroy, 
which they fhewed by breaking every thing 
in their reach, and by tearing to pieces 
their clothes, if they had got their hands 
at liberty. In two perfons who diftin- 
guifhed themfelves particularly in that 
manner, the angle behind and below the 
ofa bregmatis was feund particularly pro- 
minent. Ina female lunatic, who uluaily 
fits filent on the Jower part of a window, 
and who fancies the look$ down from Kor- 
sa ReNGtias nighein,® 
