554 Literary and Philsfopbical Intelligence. 
tween the Ruffian and Eaftern empires ; 
and on the firft effays of art in the former 
of thefe countries, which was indebted to 
the latter forthe knowledge of them. He 
has, for infance, given a ccmparative 
view of the magnificence of the Emprefs 
Irene, and the fplendour of the Muaicovite 
court at the fame time. The fecond part 
is diltinguifhed by a complete hiftory of 
the Academy of Arts at Peterfburg, from 
the time of the Emprefs Elizabeth, who 
founded it, to that of the prefent Empe- 
ror, who has enacted new regulations for 
it. Mr. FicriJo likewife makes us ac- 
quainted with the mot valuable collection 
of the works of art, ancient and modern, 
which the fovereigns and grandees of that 
empire had ata great expence cbtained 
from Italy, France, and even from Eng- 
land. Among thefe are many of. the 
mafter pieces, which formerly commanded 
the admiration of connoiffeurs in the gal- 
lery of Palais Royal at Paris, and in the: 
villas Negroni and Mattei at Rome. 
M. Diez, at Emmerich on the Rhine, 
has invented a new mufical inftrument, 
which produces the founds of the clari- 
onet, hautbois, and baffoon, in the fofteft 
piano, or the molt brilliant forte move- 
ments. 
Holland. 
The Chirurgical Society of Amferdam 
has awarded the gold medal to Dr. 
Creve, author of the bef treatife on the 
treatment and cure of ruptures; a fubjeét 
for which they had offered a prize. —Dr. 
Creve alfo obtained, in 1798, the prize 
offered by the Royal Medical Society of 
Edinburgh, for the beft differtation on the 
nature of galvanifm; and, in 1799, the 
prize propoled by the Medical Society at 
Paris, for his treatife on the reciprocal 
influence of the various organs of tne hu- 
man body. 
France. 
The colleges for the education of Tvifh, 
Englifh, and Scotch Cathovics in Paris, 
have, by a decree of the Emperor, been 
united into one eftablifhment ; and a courle 
of leftures on philofophy are now deliver- 
ed there in the Latin ianguage. 
MiuLLin, member of the French infti- 
tute, relates the following p:rticulars con- 
',cerning the mineral named, by Mr. Hat- 
chel, Columbiam. It was found in a 
{pring in the American province of Maila- 
chufizts. The {pring is in the town of 
New London, in the date of Connecticut, 
at the diftance of about three miles from 
the fea up the harbour. 
I 
[July 1, 
M. VaugueELin has, in the courfe of 
a great number of experiments, difcovered 
that a moft beautiful green colour for 
painting may be obtained from the oxyd 
of chromium, ** which,” he fays, ‘* by. 
mere admixture with white lead, gives a 
variety of permanent colours: it feems, 
however, preferable to employ an earth as 
a body for it, as by that means the colours 
of the metallic oxyds acquire more bril- 
liancy .and folidity.”” Befides this, the 
application of this green chromium pig- 
ment for painting in oil and water colours, 
it might, if mixed with proper fufible ma- 
terials, be very well adapted for painting 
on porcelain, withvut any alteration of its 
tints being to be apprehended from the 
action of the moft intenfe heat; alfo for 
enamels, painting on glafs, and fluxes, 
and for all kinds of pottery in general. 
By analyfis, the chromate of inercury cons 
fifts of 
Oxyd of chromium - ~- 
Oxyd of mercury - = 
Difference of oxygen between the 
chronic acid and the oxyd - é. 
12, 6 
$3. 0 
4 4 
100 
At Lifle, on the 7th of April, M. Mos- 
MENT a{cended in an ait-balloon, with 
every profpect of a profperous voyage. 
‘At a certain height he let down a para- 
_ chute, to which an animal was attached, 
and the experiment fucceeded admirably. 
Shertly after the balloon afcended com- 
pletely out of fight, and the flag which 
the a€ronaut carried up with him was 
found on the ground, and in one of the 
foffes M. Mo{ment was difcovered,, in the 
moft dreadfully mangled ftate. On the 
gth the balloon had not been heard off, 
and, of courfe, the caule of .the accident 
cannot be conjectured, 
_ Dr. Menurert, of Paris, has lately 
analized the feveral waters in that neigh- 
bourhood ; and he finds that of the Seine 
contains 52% grains of foreign matter in 
each pint; chat of the river Yvette yields 
git grains; that of the Arceuil, 743; 
that of Ville d’Avray, 93%. Briftol water 
is {aid to contain 1472 grains in the fame 
quantity. 
Spain. 
A work has lately been publifhed at 
Madrid, which will undoubtedly be deem- 
ed worthy of the attention of the learned 
of other paitS of Europe. It is intitled, 
‘* Alphabet of the Primitive Language 
of Spain, and an Explication of the moft 
“ancient Monuments thereof, in Infcrip- 
tions and Coins.” This work will throw © 
. new 
