50 
demi tcok place on the 25th of Oftober, 
1760, in- the morning 3 on the fame day 
cur preient fovereign fummoned the privy 
council, and an order was iflued for his 
Majeity’s being proclaimed on the next 
day: thefe acts and inftruments are dated 
in the firft year of his reign. Hence his 
Majefly entered into the fecond year of 
his reiga, on Odttober 25, 1761. The 
fame calculation will hold good not only 
fo far as relates to his prefent Majelty, but 
to all his predeceffors. 
To corroborate and explain other par- 
ticulars referred to in thefe obferva- 
tions, Mr. Aftle examines particularly the 
reign of Henry VII. and he fays that to 
obviate the confequences of thefe ana- 
chronifms, it has been thought neceflary 
to have recourfe to the practice in our 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
[Auguft f, 
courts of judicature, in which the beft 
evidence is always adopted; and in the 
prefent inftance, the Records of Parlia-’ 
ment are not only the belt, but they are 
decifive evidence. He alfo adds, thatit 
would be of real utility to future writers, 
if the tables of the commencement and 
continuance of the reigns of our kings, 
and of the times of fitting, the adjourn- 
ment and diffolutton of each parliament 
were correéted and publifled from the ac- 
ceffion of William I. to the prefent time : 
but fince the publication of the Rolls and 
Journals of Parliament, and the exertions 
of the Sele€&t Committee appointed to en- 
guire into the ftate of the public records 
of the kingdom, many difcoveries have 
been made, which will greatly facilitate 
and improve fuch an undertaking. 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. 
MR. JOSHUA JOWETT’s (HIGH HOL- 
BORN) for @ FIRE-GUARD STOVE. 
VY E have feldom feen an invention 
on a principle more fimple, or of 
more obvious utility, than that for which 
Mr. Jowett has obtained letters patent. 
Wire fenders, as guards, have been long 
known and generally ufed; but thefe are 
liable to be pulled down, and not unfre- 
quently children have been known to 
climb over them. To obviate thefe in- 
conveniences, Mr. Jowett’s patent guard 
is a fort of wire fender, made by means of 
2 narrow opening on the fide of the ftove 
to run back behind the flove when it is 
mot wanted, It turns on centers at top 
and bottom; is not liable to be out of re- 
pair; and is fo conftru&ted, that no child 
can get over it, nor remove it from its po- 
fition, without applying the key to open 
the (pring. In regifter ftoves, the fame 
key that turns the regifter, is ufed to bring 
forward, or throw backward, the guard 
fender. The additional expence to a ftove 
wiil be about three or fuur pounds. 
MR. WM. FREEMANTLE’S (HOXTON) 
jor IMPROVEMENTS iz ihe CON- 
STRUCTION of STEAM ENGINES, 
The firt improvement mentioned in 
this fpecification, conffts in making the 
fteam cylinder or cylinders, when more 
than one is nrade ufe of, in fuch a manner 
that the diameter of the bore fhall be 
aloyt equal to the length of the ftroke, 
by which means the friction wiil be very 
mauch reduced; fer, &nce the force of an 
= 
engine Is proportional to the contents cr 
capacity of the cylinder, which is as the 
fquare of the diameter multiplied into the 
length (but the friction is proportional 
to the diameter multiplied into the length) 
therefore it follows, that in two cylinders 
of the fame Jength, but of different dia- 
meters, the fri€tion will be lefS in the 
larger diameter, in proportion to its force, 
than in that of the fmaller diameter: and 
that in two cylinders of the fame capacity, . 
but of different lengths, the fri€tion will 
be leaft in the fhort cylinder; for the fric- 
tion increafes only as the diameter, while 
the capacity (that is the force) increafes © 
as the {quare of the diameter; and in a 
cylinder of this form, the fteam having 
lefs furface during its aétion, will fuffer 
lefs conden fation from without ; and fuch 
a cylinder will-be lefs expenfive than one 
of the common form. 
Mr, Freemantle, by means of drawings, 
defcribes a fection of his cylinder, which 
is furnifhed with four pipes or channels, 
either cait folid with the cylinder, or to be 
{crewed cr bolted on in any of the ufual 
methods. Ancther part of the invention 
is an univerfal circular valve, which, when 
the engine is at work, vibrates on its axis 
forty-five degrees each way ; of courfe the 
team will be alternately admitted through 
the paflages into the top and bottom of 
the cylinders: when tne fteam is admitted 
into the tcp of the cylinder, the bottom 
communicates with the condenfer; and 
when the valve is turned fo that the fteam 
is admitted to the bottom of the cy- 
ai ’ linder, 
