134 Tutroduétion to the 
deavoured to incite young perfons to the 
fiudy of claflical authors, without which 
a truly folid knowledge of antiquities 
cannot be acquired. In conformity to 
this notion, he ought to have confidered 
the manners and ufages of the ancients, 
as they are explained by the monuments, 
inflead of attaching himfeif particularly 
to the different paris of archeology. 
Whatever refers to its hiftory feems to 
have claimed his moft earneft attention. 
His work fets out by introduétory ob- 
fervations, in which he defines what he 
means by literary archeclogy. ‘It is 
(he ovferves) that which teaches us to 
know -antiquity by its monuments: they 
are either accompanied by infcriptions, or 
deftitute of them, and the fubltance and 
workmanthip are to be confidered.” He 
next divides his treatife into two parts ; 
the firft of which fpeaks of the fudftance 
of the monuments, while the latter re- 
fers to their fabrication. 
The firtt part, which contains five 
chapters, treats of ancient writing, 
marbles, gems, and cther precious ftones ; 
metals; and, lafily, of the different kinds 
of fubftances which have been employed 
3) monuments; fuch as a variety of 
woods, fhells, ivory, &c. 
The fecond part, which treats of the 
monuments themfelves, is fomewhat more 
diffule. The author {peaks in it of ma- 
nuicripts; of infcriptions ; of whatever 
belongs to diplomatics ; of numifmatics ; 
of toreutics, or the art of operating with 
the chifel; of plaffics, or the art of me- 
delling; of painting ; and of architeéture, 
by which he terminates his work. He 
unites to toreutics, both feulpture and the 
art of engraving on fine flones, 
Notwithftanding the extenfivenefs of the 
fubje&t treated, the laft edition of this 
work contains only ninety-eight pages. 
Accordingly, it is merely an introduction 
to the {cience ;—a feries of precepts de- 
flined by the profefior for the guidance 
of his pupils, and which he comments on 
and explains in his leétures*. 
* The firft edition of the Literary Archeo- 
logy of Ernefti appeared in 1768. After the 
death of that celebrated philologift, Martini 
publifhed, in 1790, a fecond edition ; to 
which he added, by way of commentary, a 
feries of excurfi, or differtations, which form 
a volume twice as large as the text. He has 
united whatever modern obfervations could 
furnifh, to elucidate, difcufs, augment, or 
correct Ernefli’s work. Hiis excurfi are replete 
with excellent matter; but inftead of follow- 
ing his author in the feries of his propofi- 
tions, and of adopting his clear and methodi- 
Study of Archeology. [Sept. Ty 
Profeffor Oberlin, of Strafburg, has” 
publithed a {mall Prodromus, or rather 
a Synoptic Table of Archeography, at 
the commencement of his work, entitled 
Orbis Antiquus. Yt is a recapitulation, 
in ten pages, of the whole of the fcience, 
and of 1s cbject. This taole, which is 
extremely well drawn up, he employs as’ 
an introduction to his le€&tures. We re- 
Cognile in it the ftyle of a great mafter, 
whoie head 1s as methodical as his ideas 
are coriect, and who is perfectly acquaint. 
ed with his fubject. 
The above profeffor has publithed this 
Prodrcemus in French, on a more extenfive 
icaic, in the firft volume of the Magazin 
Encyclopedique. We points out in it all 
the objects which can attract the notice 
of the antiquary, tegether with the appli- 
cations and utility of archeography, and 
the method which fhould be followed in 
profecoting that fiudy. 
M. Heyne likewife follows the ana- 
lytical method, notwithftanding he has 
adopted, in his programma, the chrono- 
logical method, as wiil be feen hereafter. 
After fome general ideas relative to the 
art, he proceeds to the different parts of | 
archeography ; to f{culpture and its dif- 
ferent divifions, of which hetreats at con- 
fiderable length ; to painting ; engraving 
on precious ftcnes; architeéture ; mofaic 
work; vafes; and utenfils. 
The celeiated Bufching, whofe work 
on geography has acquired him fo high 
a reputation, likewilfe gave leétures on 
antiquities. He conceived the plan of 
archeographical elements divided into fee. 
tions, after the analytical method ; but of 
thefe treatifes he pubiifhed two only; 
one on fcul; ture, and the other on en- 
gravings on precious ftones. q 
Chronological Archeography. 
The immorial Winckelmann made the 
firft attempt to give a chronological arche- 
ography in his Hittory of the Ait; or ra- 
ther, he combined the two methods, the 
analytical and chronclogical. Betore his 
time, we had nothing befide the Hiftory of 
the Arts, by Monnier; the Treatile on’ 
the Painting of the Ancients, by Dujon; 
and that of Painting, by Durand. He 
cal divifion by fmall paragraphs, Martini has 
accumulated the quotations, and has con- 
founded them with the inferences he draws. 
from them, fo as to have rendered his work 
obfcure and difficult to read, 
Notwithftanding the narrownefs of its li- 
mits, this work is both ufeful and convenient 
in the ftudy of archeology, Martini’s edition 
is the beft, ; 
conceived 
a 
