142 
MR. ROBERT ATKINS’S (FENCHURCH- 
STREET) for IMPROVEMENTS in the 
conftruGion of HYDROMETERS. 
This hydrometer confifts of a hollow 
metallic bulb, with a prifmatical fem, 
confifting of three fides which are gradu- 
ated with divifions, that indicate fpecitic 
gravities or degrees of itrength of fpiritu- 
ous liquors over and under proof; and 
it has a fhank proceeding from the oppo- 
fite end of the bulb, to which weights are 
to be affixed, as is ufual in other hydrome- 
ters. On one of the faces of this prifma- 
tical ftem, is engraved a feries of d:vifions, 
reprefenting degrees of ftrength over proot 
exprefled in commercial terms; the line 
which indicates proof, being at the lower 
end of the {tem near the bulb, marked P. 
and the degrees over proof are marked in 
fucceflive graduations as high as the length 
of the ftem will admit. Another face of 
the ftem, coloured differently from the 
laft, bas a feries of divifions on it, expref 
fing degrees of ftrength uzder proof ; the 
praof-mark being at the fuperior extre- 
anity of the ttem, and the graduations pro- 
eveding in an inverfe direétion to thole on 
the over-proof fide of it. 
By the ftructure of this hydrometer, the 
degrees of ftrength are expreffed in ten per 
cents, and the fractional parts of ten; and 
to adapt it to the various degrees of hear, 
at which {piritnous liquors are found to 
be in the ordirary ftates of the atmofphere, 
a feries of thermometer weights, is adjuit- 
ed tothe various temperatures, between 
So degrees and 300f Fahrenheit. So that 
if the hydrometer be immerfed in any 
{pirttuous liquor, and loaded with the 
weight that is indicated by its tempera- 
‘ture, the divifions on the fides of the fem 
will thew the degrees of ftrengti of {uch 
fpirit. 
To render this inftroment as complete 
as poffible, the third fide of the ftem is 
graduated with a feries of equal parts, 
‘which may be marked either numerically 
or alphabetically, and which refer to the 
fliding-rule for corre&tion of tempera- 
ture. The fliding-rule that Mr. Atkin’s 
makes us of, is fimilar to one-invented by 
the Jate Matthew Quin, which fhews the 
relative firength of any fample of {pirituous 
liquor at fome ftandard temperature, what-- 
“ever it may be at the time of its examina- 
tion by the hydrometer. This ftandard 
temperature may be any deerce which the 
hydrometer-maker may chufe to adopt, 
wotil it thall be fettled by parliament, the 
fpecific gravity of water and that of prcof- 
{piit being aflumed. 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
[Sept. 1, 
MR. TIMOTHY BENTLEY'S (LOCKWOOD, 
YORKSHIRE) for @ M&THOD of SEA- 
SONING NEW CASKS and PURIFYING 
MUSTY ONES. 
This operation is performed by fteam, 
which is condu€ted by a pipe and {mall 
branching tubes into the cafks, a few 
inches below the upper head, or at the 
bung-hole, the tap-hole being at the lowett 
part, that the foul particles may drain off 
with the water which the fteam occafions, 
while pafling through the catks. When 
they are cleared, the team from the boiler 
is to be conveyed through a pipe into a 
cylinder, or any other air-tight veffcl, in 
which is inclefed another vefiel, open at 
the top, and raifed from the bottom of 
the outer veffel, {o as to allow the team free 
acce{s to all parts of it. This inner veffel 
is to contain a mixture of fmall raw wort 
and fpent hops, either with or without 
ftale beer or beer-grounds, which by means 
ot the fteam from the boiler muft be raif- 
ed to a ftate of ebullition. When the 
team from the boiler is fufficiently incor- 
porated with that arifing from the ingre- 
cients in the inner veflel, it is-to“be con- 
veyed into the cafks, in like manner as 
the fteam from the boiler or the {mall 
raw wort and fpent hops, with or without 
ftale beer, cr beer-grounds only, may be 
breught to a ftate of ebullition by being 
placed in the outer veffel, and the fteam 
conveyed thereto by proper tubes.—Or 
the mixture may be placed in the boiler 
and then conveyed from that to the cafks. 
The above applications will anfwer for 
brewers of ale, beer, or porter. For vine- 
gar-makers, the grounds of vivegar are to 
be uled. For diitillers of fpirits, the rin- 
fing of the cafks: and for cyder and fweet- 
makers, the lees or refufe of their refpec- 
tive liquids. 
The merit of this difcovery, we are in- 
formed, does not depend on the fort of in- 
gredients to be wfed, nor on the mechani-~ 
cal form of the neceffary apparatus ; but 
on the application of fteam, feparated 
from, or incorporated with the fteam arifing 
from any mixture of ingredients the molt 
fuitable to the trade to which tlic iaven- 
tion is applicable. 
MR. FREDERICK ALBERT WINSOR’S 
(CRHEAPSIDE) for an IMPROVED AP= 
PARATUs for the EXTRACTING AIR, 
OIL, TAR, &c. from, and reducing inte 
COKE and CHARCOAL, all kinds of 
FUEL. 
This apparatus is a fort of ftove, con- 
ftracted io as to reduce, by means oa 
