1804. ] 
all kinds of raw fuel into coke, and char- 
coal, with a {mall confumption of the fuel, 
and the {moke is conduéted into a conden- 
fer, where it undergoes a natural refolu- 
tion into tar, pitch, oil, acid, ammonia, 
and inflammable air. Thus by carbonizing 
caw fuel with heat inftead of burning it, 
the whole weight is preferved, and refolv- 
ed into the {aid produéts or fome of them. 
This principal of carbonization may 
be applied, fir/f, to heat any vetlel by the 
conftraction of fuch a carbonizing utenfil ; 
fecoudly to heat another vefl<l by the hot 
imoke extraéted from raw fuel ; thirdly, to 
heat another veffel by the inflammable gas ; 
and fourthly, to heat a fourth veffel with 
the coke or charcoal faved by this princi- 
ciple of ‘carbonization ; and alfo for ap- 
plying the charcoal in manufacturing gun- 
powder as containing much more ftrength ; 
and the pitch and tar fo produced retain- 
ing all its oily virtues, (loft by evapora- 
tion in all other methods) being fuperior 
in quality, may be uled and applied to 
preterve veflels, buildings, railings, &c. 
expofed to the weather. The vegetable 
acid may be ufed in manufacturing alum, 
Literary and Philofophical Intelligence. 
143 
and other fubftances, and in calico-print- 
ing, dying and tanning. The ammonia 
may alfo be applied in tanning, dyings 
fixing colours, or ftaining. It may also 
be cryftalized into fal-ammoniac, cam- 
phor, &c. Theacids and ammoniac mixed 
with the tar, and properly applied, will 
prevent timber from rotting, prelerve 1¢ 
trom the dry-rot, and even prevent any 
conflagration from fire, by reafon of the 
inflammable gas being extracted. It will 
operate as a preventative againft infections 
of the air. The inflammable gas being 
feparated from the carbon, may be led 
through tubes to any diftance to produce 
light and heat. This pvinciple of carbo- 
nization, and preferving inflammable air 
from fmoke, is applicable to all public and 
private illuminations, light-houtes, tele- 
graphs, &c. 
Obfervation. We cannot help think- 
ing that Mr. Winfor fhould have delcribed 
the conftruétion of his ftove, and by what 
means he condenfes the fmoke, and fepa- 
rates the feveral fubftances enumerated in 
the {pecification, to have made his title to 
the invention indifputable. 
VARIETIES, Literary anv PutLosopuHicat, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domeftic and Foreign. 
*4% Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received. 
‘*@INCE the announcement of Mr. At- 
MON’s publication of the Papers and 
Correfpondence of JoHN WILKés, fe- 
veral noblemen and gen'lemen, friends 
of Mr. Wilkes, have {ent contributions 
of letters and papers to enrich the pro- 
pofed work. It ought to be undertftood, 
that the bafis of this publication is the 
collection of manufcripts which was left 
by Mr. Wilkes io poff-ffion of Mils 
Wilkes, and by her was bequeathed to 
the late Mr. Peter Elmfley, whofe fon hes 
confided them to the fuperintendence of 
Mr. Almon. The retpectable branches 
of the family have fince paid Mr. Al. 
mon the fame compliment, con‘equently 
every lett r and paper of the late Mr. 
John Wi.kes, which is in any degree in- 
terefling, or worthy of meeting the public 
eye, will be included in the work. 
The executors of the late Mr. Car- 
LYLE, have announced for publication, 
by fubfeription, Puems by thit gentle- 
man, fuggetted by f{cenes in Afia Minor, 
Syria, and Greece. 
Mr. Prartr has, at Jength, broucht 
to maturity his long-meditated defign 
of prefenting to the public a milcclias 
neous work, under the title of ‘* Harveft. 
Home,” which he propoles to bring into 
three handfome oétavo volumes. It may 
be expected to appear in November, and 
there will be affixed a portrait of the au- 
thor, from a fine original painting by 
Lawrence, engraved by Caroline Waifon. 
A fplendid work will appear in a few 
days, under the title of ‘* Modern Lon- 
don.”” It confitts of a fyftematic account 
of the prefent ftate of the Britifh Metro- 
polis, illuttrated with a great number of 
uncommonly beautiful engravings. It 
mutt be matter of wonder, that the firft 
city in the world has hitherto remained 
without a modern deicription, calculated 
to convey juft notions of it to foreign 
countries, and to the diftant provinces of 
the empire. 
Dr. VALPY is printing a Colleétion 
of the Original Poems, Prologues, and 
Epilogues, Latin and Enolith, which 
have been {poken during bis time, at the 
public exhibitions of Reading Schools, 
A new edition of Pope’s Works, with 
additions, and new illuttrations, is in a 
courle of preparation, by the Rev. Liste 
Bow ces, author of Sonnets, &c. &c. 
Vz The 
