1805.] 
brain contributes in a particular manner 
to the exercife of thought, he has there 
difcovered a multitude of organs, towhich 
the various propenfities and the different 
intelleStual faculties correfpond. 
We fhall now proceed to defcribe the 
manner in which he divides the brain; and 
though this diftribution may appear rather 
fingular to anatomilts, it forms the bafis 
and the firft part of Dr, Galli’s fyitem. 
Part1. The upper part of the fpinal 
marrow muft be confidered as the particu- 
lar organ of vital power. It is a well 
known fact, that, in various parts of 
Germany, butchers employ no other me- 
thod of killing their oxen than to thruft 
a fharp infirument between the firft. and 
fecond vertebrz of the brain. . 
Not far from the organ of vital power, 
and near the upper. extremity of the pef- 
terior part of the brain, are fituated, ac- 
cording to Dr. Gall, two prominences, 
which are the organs of procreative power; 
fo that the principal organ of life is next 
to thofe which nature has more particular- 
ly charged with tran{mitting it. 
The cerebral organs of thefenfes, that : 
is, thofe parts which form the origin of 
the nerves particularly concerned in fen- 
fation, are placed anterior to thofe of vital 
and procreative power: but as their deve- 
lopment cannot be perceived externally, 
_ Dr. Gall does not introduce the confidera- 
tionof them into his fyftem. 
Nearer the -circumference, and round 
the central parts above-mentioned, Dr. 
Gall’s fyftem places different organs, 
adapted to various funétions, which are 
the le(s clofely connected with purely ani- 
mal life, the farther they are removed 
from the medullary and internal parts. 
According to this hypothefis, between the 
organs of procreative power, but higher, 
is fituated an orgay, the predominance of 
which produces nervous and fpafmodic af- 
fe&tions; above this, again, is another 
organ, whofe development contributes 
to the energy of the tender and benevo- 
lent affections; whereas, on the fides, and 
at different diftances, are placed the or- 
gans of courage, of cunning, and of de. 
ception, 
The different kinds of memory, and 
the aptitude for mufic and the arts of 
drawing or painting, have eee fituated 
in the anterior part of the brain; thofe 
belonging to the aptitude for mechanical 
arts. are more towards the fides, laftly, 
thofe of meditation and Guiktyation 
are placed rather higher. 
feparated fey kindnefs; above them is 
E’xplanation of Dr. Gall’s Sytem of Craniology. 
who have imagined that this region of the 
Thefe are 
495 | 
imagination, and below the latter, and 
rather towards the fides 3, are the organs 
of fagacity, of wit, the externa! exprethon 
of which is faid to be very perceptible i in 
the fkull of the poet Bivaied waoich 
forms part of Dr. Gall’s muleum. 
According to the priaciples of Gallifm, 
the brain contains feveral other organs, 
which perform different fun€tions in the 
manifeitation of the pafhons, and in the 
exercife of thought. 
Before we eftablith the theory, the bafes 
of which we have fixed above, we ought 
to afcertain what are thofe faculties, and the 
difpofitions which may be regarded as in- 
dependent and diftinét. This knowledge 
Dy. Gall afferts that he acquired, by con- 
forming in his refearches to the following 
precepts : 
Precept 1. It is neceflary, in general, 
to be acquainted witn all the natural dif- 
ferences which fkulls exhibit; and to ob- 
tain this acquaintance, you muft fee and 
handle them a gooddeal. ‘To feel them, 
you muft not employ the ends of the 
fingers, but the whole hand ; for it is not 
eminences, but flight convexities, that 
you are to find out, and which the points 
of the fingers would not enable you to dif 
cover. 
Precept 2. Examine the heads of fome 
perfons| endued with particular talents 5 
then obferve with attention the whole form 
of their heads, carefully noticing thofe 
parts where remarkable convexities are 
fituated. In like manner, obferve the 
heads of others poffeffing the fame talents, 
compare them, and take notice whether 
the fkulls of the latter prefent toe fame 
convexities in the fame parts. A fimilar 
examination fhould be made of the heads 
of various individuals, whom you know 
to be deftitute cf the talents by which 
the former are diitinguifed. Obferve 
very attentively, whether, inftead of the 
convexities found in the firft mentioned 
heads, none are to be perceived in the lat. 
ter, and whether there mav not even be 
deprefions; If this be the cafe, and the 
fact be confirmed by feveral individuals 
without exception, you may then con- 
clude, with a confiderable degree of cer- 
tainty that in the region of the fkull 
which has been fo accurately obferved, 
refides the organ of that talent which. 
eminently diftinguithes the one, and is 
wanting in the others. 
Precept 3. Similar refearches fhould be 
continued on perfons who are utter fran- 
pers. Remark, with great attention, the 
different convexities that appear on their 
{kulls, and, according to the obiervations 
i made 
