Retrofpeét of German Literature.—LEducation. 
them was explained in a feparate Trea- 
tife, by ScHWaRz, lately of the univer- 
fity of Heidelberg.  Peftalozzi himfelf 
gave us a new edition of his well-known 
work, ‘** Lienhard und Gertrud,” in 
which he firft communicated the details 
of his method of teaching. 
On_,Olivier’s method of teaching to 
read, there appeared two very different 
collections of Reports, relative to the re- 
fule of it: one at Berlin, which was ra- 
ther againft than for him; and the other 
at Leipzig ; in the latter we likewife find 
TiLvLicu’s Defence of this Method. STE- 
PHANI’s Syftem, which, in a great mea- 
fure, coincides with that of Olivier, found 
an able commentator ina Mr. SCHNEI- 
DER; and Pohlmann continued to illuf- 
trate ard improve his own. WOLKE, 
who had been Olivier’s colleague at the 
Deffau Philanthropical Inftitution, from’ 
which the lateft projeéis for the improve- 
ment of education took their rife, fur- 
‘nifhed an “* Anweifang, wie Kinder und 
Stumme zum Sprechen und Lefen zu bringen 
find,’”? or Inflru@ions how Children and 
Dumb Perfons may, without Lofs of Time, 
and agreeably to the Laws of Nature, be 
Taught to Underftand, Speak, Read aad 
Write. 
Without reckoning feveral A BC 
books, which were compoled according to 
one cr other of the abovementioned me- 
thods, there likewife appeared various 
‘ other publications. which treated on the 
fame fubjeét. 
The colle&tion of ** Aufsetzen Pada- 
gogifchen Innhalts,’? or Pedagogical Ef- 
favs, by Profeflor SwaBEDISSEN, of 
Hanau, extends to a greater variety of ob- 
jeSts. GRraseR, of Landfhut, began an 
“¢ Archiv der Volkserziehung,” &c. or Ar- 
chive of the Education cf the People by 
Church and State ; and publifhed like- 
wife “ Beobachtungen und Vorfchlage 
uber Erziehung und Schulen,’’—Obfer- 
vations and Projects relative to Educa. 
tion and the Schools, Stephani, whem 
we already mentioned above, as connest- 
ed with Olivier, wrote a  Syftem of Pub. 
lic Education,” which promifes to be pro- 
dugtive of much good. Mr. Schwaiz 
continued his ‘* Erziechungflehre,’’ or 
Scieace of Education; and TiLiica and 
Weiss the * Beytrage zur Erziehungs- 
kunft,”” or Contributions towards. the 
Art of Education. For the {choolmatters 
in {mall towns and villages, whole poverty 
in general prevents them from purchafing 
more expenfive works, provifion was made 
in feveral journals exclufively appropriated 
62 
i" 
to their infruction, by ZERRENNER Ja- 
coBI, of Gotha, and feveral others. 
Phyfical and moral education was again, . 
either conjointly or feparately, treated of 
in feveral publications; and fome of the 
writers confined their inveftigations to 
particular objeéts. BLascue, of Schnep- 
fenthal, furnifhed, in his ** Grundsatzen 
der Jugend-bildung zur Induftrie,’’ fome 
very good ideas towards extending and 
improving the inftruétion in f{chools of 
induftry ; and the fame eftimable author, 
to whom his country was before indebted 
for feveral ufeful publications on the beft 
mode of inftruéting young perfons in va- 
rious mechanic arts, began a *¢ Techno. 
logifche Kinderfreund,”’ or Technological 
Companion for Children; befides which, 
another very ufeful work on Technology, 
for the ufe of young perfons, by Boxer, 
made its appearance. GLaTz und GuTs- 
MUTUHS, the colleagues of Blufche, at the 
excellent Inftitute of Snepfenchal, furnifh- 
ed infruétive works for {choolmafters 
and their pupils. GLarz, a native of 
Hongary, who had been lately appointed 
a teacher in the Proteftant School, where 
he continues his labours with increafing 
zeal and afliduity, gave us ‘ Reifebe- 
{chreibungin fiir die Jugend,” or Travels 
for Youth. Gutfmuths publifhed a fe- 
cond edition of his *¢ Gymnaftics,’’ which 
was fome years ago tranflated into Eng- 
lith, but by miftake attributed to SaLTz- 
MANN, head-mafier of the {chool at Snep- 
fenthal, who has lately added to his for= 
mer works on education, an ‘** Erften 
Religions Unterricht fur Kinder von 11- 
12 Jahren,” or Firft Inftrutions in Reli- 
gion for Children of from 11 to 12 Years 
of Age—which age will at leaft meet with 
the approbation of many of the prefent 
race of teachers in Germany, one of whom 
lately fect forth a Warning againft At- 
tempts to Inftruét Children at too early an 
Age in the Principles of Religion. 
New editions or continuations of feve- 
ral works, for the ufe of young perfons, 
by the old pedagogical writers, as, for 
inftance, the above mentioned Salzmann, 
Campe, Rockow, and by fome new cul- 
tivaiors of this department of literature, 
Claudius, Engelhards, Lohr, Magenau, 
Mundt, &c. appeared at the laft fairs. 
Various writers, likewife, who had not 
been before claffed under this head, in- 
creafed the already very copious juvenile 
library: among thefe latter we particu- 
larly notice, as holding a diftinguifhed 
rank, the Travels adapted to the ule and 
capacity of youth, chiefly according to 
4M 2 the 
