& 
) (Nov. nm 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. 
MR. JOHN BYWATER’S (NOTTINGHAM) 
for a NEW METHOD Of CLOTHING and 
-UNCLOTHING the SAILS of WIND- 
MILLs, while iz MOTION. 
HIS invention confits in rolling or 
folding up to the whip, and unroll- 
ing and unfolding again, the cloths of 
common windmill fails, while in motion, 
by means of cylinders or rollers ot any 
fhape, as long as the fails, with a toothed 
wheel at one end of each, working either 
direGtly or indire&tly into two wheels, 
without arms, which are hung {fo as to 
turn upon aring of iron fixed to the thaft 
lead, clofe behind the back ftocks, and 
which may be alternately ftopped, fo that 
the wheels at the ends of the cylinders muft 
directly, or by means of a connection of 
wheels called carriers or nuts, work into 
them, by revolving round them through 
the power of the wind aéting on the fails, 
fo that the cylinders mutt neceflarily turn 
round and roll up or fold, or unroll or 
unfold, the cloth which is faftened to 
them, according to the refpeétive wheel 
without arms which is ftopped for that 
purpofe. 
Ol fervations—It 
Bywater’s leading defign was to meet the 
withes of the millers, and, ashe himfelf ex- 
prefies it, to do the bufinefs, 2 their oun 
avay, by rolling the cloth, or any part of 
at, up to the whip, in an eafy and expedi- 
tious manner, by the agency of the miller 
himfelf, who, by pulling a rope within- 
fide the mill, may reduce the turface of 
the cloth, and returo it again at pleafure, 
while the mill is in motion, 
The machinery is made chiefly of caft- 
iron; it is cheap and durable without 
being cumberfome; the conftruétion is 
fo fimple, that ic may be prepared for 
any mill by knowing the dimenfionsonly ; 
and the time of fixing it will not be longer 
than eight or ten days. 
‘Windmills are often expofed to danger 
from fudden ‘qualis of wind, while the 
fails are clothed and going, which are 
often incapable of outriding the ftorm. 
‘The uncertainty of the wind alfo, and 
the danger in long and dark nights, often 
deter the miller from grinding when he 
is-in' the greateft need; and the time 
2nd trouble neceffary to ftop the mill, 
appears that Mr. _ 
and alter the cloth fo frequently, in un- 
fettled weather, are fuch as to prevent 
him from doing a great proportion of the _ 
work which might otherwife be done. 
By means of Mr. Bywater’s machinery, 
the miller, without ftopping the mill, 
may, ina few feconds, unclothe the who'e 
of the fails if neceflary: he may even 
gain more power, by expofing.a greater. 
furtace of cloth in /ow awvinds, than he 
could prudently adopt, without the con- 
ftant and ready controul which, by this 
invention, he will always be able to ex 
ercife over the wind. 
It thould likewife be obferved, that the 
improvements above defcribed are capable 
of being applicd, at a fmall expence, to 
old mills, and we are affured, by the pa- 
tentee, that he has fitted up a very old 
mill with his machinery, which performs 
its work with eafe and fafety. 
=e 
MR. WM. PETHER’S (BRISTOL) for CER- 
TaIN METHODS for PREVENTING or 
CURING SMOKEY CHIMNIES. 
The plan laid down in this Specificas . 
tion is very ingenious, and may be 
defcribed in a few words. Suppofing the 
chimney properly conftructed, and the 
opening below no larger than neceflary, 
Mr. Pether recommends that the top be 
completely ftopped, and that the fmoke. 
fhould pafs out on the fides of the chim- 
‘ney juft below the top, by means of valves 
conftru€ted according to the following 
method. The valves, which, after his 
own name, he calls P.therons, are trian- 
gular, with the point hanging down- 
wards, Although they may be made of. 
almott any fubftance fit for the purpofe, 
Mr. P. prefers ftrong tin-plate, that is 
iron tinned over. ‘The valves are to ba 
fufpended from the bafe by means of a 
ftrong brafs wire, faftened to the upper 
edge, and traverfing at the ends, through 
two pieces of brafs or copper metal, well 
foldered to the fides of the machine. 
It is evident, that as the valves open 
outwards, thofe of them againft which the 
wind blows will by that alone be kept 
clofe; while the others, being affected by — 
no external preflure, will give way to the 
afcending {moke, and fuffer it to efcape 
with eafe. . 
: Obfer- 
