404 
prove the means of internal communica- 
tion, during the laft few years. 
M. Krause, of Bareith, publifhes a 
jcurnal, entitled the Friend of the Poor, in 
which Count Rumford’s plans and pro- 
ecffes are fully detailed, 
M. KyosetsporF has prefented to 
the Royal Academy ot Sciences, at Berlin, 
fince his return from the embafly at Con- 
ftantinople, 12 velumesof Perfan manu- 
icr:pts, which he colieéted during his refi- 
dence in the Eatt. This pre:ent compre- 
hends. 1. The great hiftory of the Eatt, 
by Mirkond, in 6 vols. 2. Select Hifto. 
ries. 3. A Hiftory of the Famuly Scfi, 
down to Schah Abbas. 4. The Hiftory 
of Nadir Schah: and 5. Two works of 
the celebrated poet Giant. 
About a century ago, SOPpHta ELEO- 
NORA, of Stoblberg, began a collection of 
funeral orations, which has been prefery- 
ed and increa‘ed, till it tow forms a trea- 
fure of great value, the catalogue of which, 
about to be pub-ifhed, f rms of itteifa 
large folio volime. 
Counfellor D’OrFIELD has formed a 
collection of 68,000 ge-graphical maps, 
which the King of Pruffia bas lately pur- 
chafed for 20,000 fl. rins. 
The Court of Munich 1s_ particularly 
engaged in a fyftem of education, in the 
territory which the Elector has acquired 
in Swabia, There will be three princi- 
pal feminaries eftiblifhed, viz. at Ulm, ~ 
Dillingen, ard Kempten. The profet- 
fors will be chofen ot ail religions, and 
the doétrines of the three principal Chit 
tian churches will be taught there. Each 
of thefe feminartes will have two direftors 
of infiruGtion, of whom the one will be 
Catholic and the other Proteftant. The 
fuperintendance wi.) be entruited to the 
‘dire€tor-general of inftiution at Munich. 
From a great variety of experiments 
and cbfervations made on bees, and their 
operations, by M. Francois HuBER, 
of Geneva, he intcrs. 4. That the wax 
comes from the honey. 2. That honey 
is a food of the firft neveflity to the bees. 
3. That flowers do not aiways contain 
honey ; that the fecretion is fubjeét to 
the variations of the atmo(phere. 4. That 
it is the faccharine part of the honey 
wvhich enables the bees to produce wax. 
s. That raw fugar yields more wax than 
honey, or refined fugar. 6. That the 
duft of the ftamina does not contain the 
principles of wax. 7. That this duit is 
not the food of adult bees, and that they 
do not colleé it for themfelves: and 8. 
That the pollen affords the oniy aliment 
which is proper for their ycung, but that 
; ca 
Literary and Philofophical Intelligence. 
[Dec. 1, 
this fubf@ance muft undergo a peculiar 
elaboration in the ftomachs of the bees, 
to be converted into an aliment, which is 
always appropriated to their fex, their 
age, and their wants, fince the beft micra- 
{copes do not fhew the particles of poll.n, 
or their coverings, in the liquor prepared 
by the working bees. 
Grospert has found that a white earth 
conlidered as pure alumine, and employed 
at Turin in the fabrication of porcelain, 
contains o. 8. of magnefia. 
The Hydraulic ram of .M. Moncot- 
FIER bas been conftru€ted at Schaffiau- 
fens by Counfellor FiscHer, in a very 
ingenious manner. The machine ismade 
in the form of a beautiful antique altar, 
nearly inthe ftyle of that of Efculapius, 
as reprefented in different engravings. A 
bafon about fix inches in cepth, and fromr 
eighteen to twenty in diamtter, receives 
the water, which enters into pipes that 
defcend ina foiral form into the bafe of 
of the altar. The water, by its weight, 
puts in motion a valve; a third of the 
water nearly efcapes, but the reft, by the 
preffure of the valve, is forced into the re- 
ceiver, and thence rifes in very narrow 
pipes. As it afcends flowly, the refit- 
ance of the air makes no fenfible impref- 
ficn, fo that by means of this machime, 
which continually aéts by itfelf, water 
may be conveyed from a lake or a river, 
te houfes fituared on a mountain. M. 
Fifcher has conveyed water by it to a 
caftle which ftands at the height of feveral 
hundred feet above the level of the Raine. 
M. HumsBo.pT, the celebrated natu- 
ralit, having arrived fafe in Europe, the 
feientific werld may expeét to be fhortly , 
gratified with the refult of bis Travels in 
Lower Afia. . 
M. Lexseper, who till the prefent 
time has held ihe office of director of the 
theatre to she Great Mogul, has returned 
to Ruffia, where he has obtained permif= 
fion to eftablifh a printing-office with 
Indian characters. He purpofes to pro- 
cure tranflations of the bett produdétiens of 
French, German. and Rofffan literature, 
and to diffule them through Isdofan. 
The proprietors ‘of the AXgemeine — 
Litteratur Zeitung,’—the General Jousnal 
of Lite:ature, have announced prizes of 
twenty Frederics d’or, and an aditianel 
gratuity of twenty dollars per fheet, fer 
the beft Effay on the Progrefs of Theologt 
cal Litcrature, from 1785 to 1800 ; 2. cal 
the bet Review of Works on Natural 
Hiftory; 3. for the beft Review of Poeti- 
cal works; 4. for the beft Expofition of 
hiftoyfeal works, during the fame period, 
Tk 
