1804.] 
The botanifts fent by the king of Spain, 
to Peru, have received from the Minifter 
of Juftice of the Indies, 82 defcriptions of 
precious plants, which the botanift Don 
Juan Taratta tranfmitted to the pre- 
fident of Quito, to enrich the Flora_ of 
Peru and Chili, which thofe botanifts are 
publithing, conformably to the orders of 
government. Among thefe have been 
found two new genera of the Pentandrie 
and Didynamia, accompanied with draw- 
ings, and many new fpecies of known 
genera. In this number is the red Cin- 
chona, or coloured Quinquina, a very dif. 
ferent genus from the red Quinguina of 
Peru and Santa Fé, of which no drawing 
or defcription before exifted. 
A number of filver medals of Marfeilles 
have lately been found about a league and 
ahalf from Aix. They were difcovered 
-in a vineyard at the depth of three feet, in 
anearihen pot. There were about fixty 
of the fame fize, and bearing the fame im- 
preffion as is generally met with on the 
medals of Marfeilles, the head of Diana, 
and a lion on the reverfe; about 130 0f a 
{maller kind divided into four compart. 
ments on the reverfe, with the letters 
M.A. One cnly reprefents the head of 
Apollo crowned with laurel, and on the 
reverfe an ox, with the word MAZDA. 
‘This medal is extremely well ftrack. It 
is Curious, and has never teen defcribed ; 
being one of the very fmal] number of the 
filver medals of Marfcilles repreienting an 
ox inftead of alion. 
The difcovery of another new planet 
has been announced in Germany. 
M. PRousr has found that a fpirit 
may be extracted from the fisit of the 
carob-tree, which grows in great abun 
dance in Spain, along the eoaft of the 
Mediterranean, and has hitherto been em 
ployed only for feeding cattle. Afier 
being properly fermented, he produced a 
pint of ipirit for every five pounds ot dry 
fruit, Though the jiquor retains fome- 
thing of the {mell of the fruit, thw tafie is 
not at all difagreeable, and he has made 
{pirits from this material inferior in no 
re{peét to the liquors which are in general 
ule. : j ; 
M. Sask informs us, that the colour, 
grain, and hardnels of fteel, may be given 
to copper, by the following precefs :— 
Take the copper in its metallic ftate, and 
melt it down with two parts of animal 
glafs, and twelve of powdered charcoal ; 
but it is neceflary that the copper fhould 
prefent a large furface. This advantage 
js obtained by placing finall pieces of. 
that metal in layers, alternately with the 
Literary and Philofophicat Intelligence; 
_ tivated with euch fucceis. 
435 
animal glafs mixed with the powdered 
charcoal. The crucible mult then be ex- 
pofed to a brifk fire, to melt the animal 
glafs; phofphorus is then formed, the 
greateft part of which burns, while the 
other combines with the e>pper, in which 
it is fo enveloped, tht it cannot difengage 
itfelf, though kept in: fufion twenty mi- 
nutes under the animal glafs, which is not 
decompofed. The crucible being Icft to 
cool and broken, ycu fied under the glafs, 
which has paffed to the ftate of red ena- 
mel, the pholphorated copper, under the 
form of a grey and fining button, which, 
upon being weighed, is found to have gain- 
ed one twelfth by the operation. The 
phofphorated copper is much more eafily 
melted than commen copper, and it may 
be fufed under powdered charcoal without 
lofng any of its properties. The metal 
thus combined with phofphorus acquires 
the hardne(s, grain, and colour of fteel,ard, 
like, it is fufceptible of the fineft polith 5 it 
may be turned with eafe, and is not chang- 
ed by the air. M. Sage affe-ts that he has 
kept  polifhed buitons of phofphorated 
copper in his Jaboratory fifteen years, dur- 
ing which time they have undergone no 
alteration. The red enamel formed in 
this procefs may be employed with advan- 
tage for porcelain and enamels,as its colour 
is not changed by fire. 
Proteflor Nyerup, of Copenhagen, 
propofes to publith an Hittorical, Statif- 
tical, and Literary Delcription of the 
Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, 
from the Nirth to the Nmeteenth Cen. 
tury. The Danith chancery has granted 
him permiffion io fearch the archives ; 
and the work is expeéted to prove highly 
interetting, not only to his countrymen, 
but hkewife to foreigners. 
The Berlin journals announce the 
fpeedy publication of a volume of Px ems, 
by a young man named Gortlieb Hiller. 
His parents are labouring people, and 
being himfelf employed from his infancy 
inruitic labcurs, he had fearcely an op- 
portunity of learning to iead and write. 
Kis time has of late years been divided 
between making bricks in fummery and 
mats in winter. A few volumes of 
Wieland’s Works, which he accidentally 
met with, firlt in{pired him witha tafte 
for poetry, which he is faid to have cul-_ 
He has pub 
lithed a fpecimen of his work, which pof 
fefles originality, and is not deftitute of 
poetical merit. The celebrated Natthiffon 
has not difdained to perform the duty of 
editor of this collection. 
Mr. Jacozp More Ltt, a learned Ita- 
o°L 2 lian 5 
