vAWHisB.]  LAKE    SUPERIOR    REGION.  77 
The  limestone  is  indistinctly  stratified  and  dips  from  zero  to  30°  at 
various  points.  At  certain  places  it  contains  numerous  fossils,  but 
the  greater  part  <»f  the  rock  seems  to  be  destitute  of  them.  Among 
the  fossils  are  encrinites.  orthoceratites,  and  oilier.-.  The  country 
around  is  low  and  swampy,  but  the  indications  arc  for  nothing  but 
sandstone  horizontally  stratified.  As  the  limestone  is  apparently 
inclined  at  an  angle  of  30'.  it  seems  evident  that  this  istheoldest  rock, 
though  it  can  not  he  denied  that  the  stratification  of  the  limestone  is 
very  obscure  and  in  some  places  it  appears  to  lie  nearly  horizontal. 
On  the  data  collected  the  author  feels  unwilling  to  pronounce  which  is 
the  older  formation. 
Foster^  finds  at  Copper  harbor  the  junction  of  the  trap  and  con- 
glomerate. At  the  point  of  contact  fche  trap  is  vesicular,  but  a  few  feef 
distant  amygdaloidal.  The  conglomerate  is  made  up  of  rounded  peb- 
bles of  greenstone,  porphyry,  and  rarely  granite,  cemented  by  a  dark 
iron  sand,  with  carbonate  of  lime  among  the  interstice-.  Near  the 
Qjuincy  mine  the  conglomerate,  or  rather  sandstone,  containing  quartz 
pebbles,  forms  the  gorge  of  the  stream  below  the  falls,  and  differs  es- 
sentially from  that  on  the  northern  slope  of  Keweenaw  point.  Be- 
tween the  sandstone  and  compact  trap  is  a  bed  of  red  slaty  trap  asso- 
ciated with  amygdaloid.  At  L'Anse  sandstone  and  conglomerate  are 
found  resting  uncouformablyupon  chlorite-slate.  novaculiteor  siliceous 
slate.  In  the  Chippewa  land  district  is  found  granite,  gneiss,  horn- 
blende, chlorite,  argillaceous  slates,  and  magnetic  iron  ore.  In  Sec.  1. 
T.  In  ]s..  E.  3o  W.,is  a  bed  of  quartz  composed  of  rounded  grains,  with 
small  speck>  of  iron  disseminated,  and  Ifcrge  rounded  masses  of  the 
same  material  inclosed,  constituting  a  conglomerate.  This  bed  is  15 
feet  in  thickness  and  is  succeeded  again  by  a  specular  iron  exposed  in 
places  to  the  width  of  100  feet. 
The  author  is  disposed  to  place  the  sandstone  of  lake  Superior  at  the 
base  of  the  fossQiferous  series.  The  imbedded  traps  of  Keweenaw 
point  and  isle  Eoyale  have  broken  through  this  sandstone,  forming  con- 
tinuous lines  of  elevation.  In  receding  from  the  trap  of  Keweenaw 
point  the  inclination  of  the  sandstone  diminishes  rapidly,  and  5  or  6 
miles  away  is  nearly  horizontal.  In  a  fork  of  Torch  river,  on  the  Doug- 
lass Houghton  raining  company's  hind,  the  sandstone  dips  southerly, 
or  away  from  the  trap.  On  the  north  side  of  the  stream  it  is  seen  I 
ing  on  the  trap  in  large  blocks.  On  the  south  side  of  Keweenaw  point, 
at  Bete  Grise  bay.  the  sandstone  is  white  and  granular,  destitute  of 
pebbles,  and  dips  southerly  or  away  from  the  trap.  In  the  bottom  of 
the  bay.  when  the  wat*rr  is  calm,  the  bands  of  sandstone  can  be  seen 
:ribing  immense  curves  parallel  to  the  direction  of  the  Bohemian 
range  of  mountains,  and  affording  conclusive  evidence  that  their  b< 
ing  and  upheaval  are  due  to  the  protrusion  of  the  igneous  rocks.  On 
the  ea>t  side  of  Sec.  14.  T.  59  N.,  B.  29 W.,  the  sandsto  rlyhori 
.zo.utal.  although  removed  but  a  few  miles  from  the  trap. 
