vANHisE.l  EASTERN    CANADA    AND    NEWFOUNDLAND.  229 
are  provisionally  referred  to  the  pre- Cambrian  system.     They  are  found 
at  two  places  conformably  to  underlie  the  Cambro-Silurian  series. 
Bailey,17  in  1885,  in  a  report  on  York  and  Oarleton  counties  in  cen- 
tral New  Brunswick,  finds  no  rocks  which  are  regarded  as  pre-Cam- 
brian; but  granites,  syenites,  basalts,  and  diabases  occur  which  are' 
regarded  as  intrusive.  Interstratified  with  the  Lower  Carboniferous 
are  beds  of  volcanic  or  semi-volcanic  origin.  The  granite  is  filled  with 
imbedded  fragments  of  other  rocks,  so  that  in  places  it  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  conglomerate.  Beyond  question  they  come  from  the  schistose 
and  micaceous  rocks  which  border  the  granite,  as  is  shown  by  their 
identity  in  character  with  these  rocks.  Also  the  lines  of  contact  show 
the  intrusive  character  of  the  granite. 
Bailey,18  in  1880,  in  continuing  his  work  in  central  New  Brunswick, 
finds  highly  crystalline  strata,  including  gneisses,  syenites,  and  fel- 
sites,  which  are  referred  to  the  pre- Cambrian.  They  are  thought  to  be 
a  continuation  of  those  described  by  Ells.  In  this  pre-Cambrian  are 
included  without  doubt  very  considerable  masses  of  igneous  rocks. 
Bailey  and  McInnes,19  in  1877,  in  continuing  work  on  central  New 
Brunswick  find  felsites,  quartzites,  and  mica-schists,  which  are  referred 
to  the  pre-Cambrian.  Only  the  boundaries  of  the  rocks  are  mapped,  no 
attempt  being  made  to  work  out  the  structure.  These  rocks  are  cut  by 
granites  which  are  found  in  two  areas.  These  granites  are  the  same 
J  character  as  those  which  have  been  previously  described  as  of  probable 
Devonian  age. 
SUMMARY  OP   RESULTS. 
As  a  result  of  the  above  work  in  central  New  Brunswick  it  is  clear 
that  below  the  Cambro-Silurian  rocks  is  a  set  of  semicrystaliine  and 
crystalline  schists  containing  among  the  former  such  rocks  as  slate, 
quartzite,  and  limestone.  The  character  of  these  is  such  as  to  show 
that  they  are  in  part  of  clastic  origin.  Large  masses  of  intrusive  rocks, 
both  basic  and  acid,  cut  both  these  rocks  and  the  fossiliferous  sedi- 
mentaries.  The  masses  are  sometimes  so  large  as  to  cause  important 
contact  metamorphism. 
There  is  little  difficulty  in  separating  the  intrusives  from  the  fossilif- 
erous rocks,  but  upon  account  of  the  more  crystalline  character  of  the 
older  series  and  its  likeness  in  miner alogical  composition  to  certain  of 
the  subsequent  intrusives,  and  further,  upon  account  of  the  intimate 
mingling  which  occurs  between  these  two  classes  of  rocks,  it  is  difficult 
to  make  the  separations  with  the  same  degree  of  sharpness.  This  diffi- 
culty is  not  improbably  further  increased  by  the  presence  of  intrusives 
earlier  than  those  which  cut  the  Cambro-Silurian  rocks. 
The  maps  presented  of  the  pre-Cambrian  are  purely  a  real,  no  attempt 
Whatever  being  made  to  subdivide  them  or  to  workout  their  structure. 
