van  hise.]  EASTERN    CANADA    AND    NEWFOUNDLAND.  235 
questioned  whether  the  unconforinability  is  suffieient  to  prove  the  fact 
of  any  considerable  lapse  of  time.  The  age  and  equivalency  of  the 
Kingston  group,  as  well  as  that  of  the  Mascarene  peninsula,  is  some 
what  uncertain,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  stratigraphical  evi- 
dence and  from  the  close  resemblance  which  many  of  them  bear  on  the 
one  hand  to  the  rocks  of  the  Huronian,  and  on  the  other  to  those  of  the 
Silurian. 
Bailey,40  in  1881,  in  summarizing  the  work  of  the  survey  in  New 
Brunswick,  concludes  that  there  is  a  Laurentian  and  Huronian,  as  in 
other  parts  of  Canada.  These  are  below  the  Primordial  by  a  marked 
unconformity.  These  rocks  east  of  St.  John  occupy  irregular  troughs 
in  the  pre- Silurian  rocks,  resting  sometimes  upon  one  and  sometimes 
upon  another  of  the  subdivisions  of  the  latter,  crossing  their  strike 
obliquely  and  having  coarse  basal  conglomerates.  There  is  almost  per- 
fect lithological  likeness  between  the  great  mass  of  rocks  referred  to 
the  Laurentian,  including  coarse  and  fine  grained  gneisses,  quartzites, 
graphitic,  and  serpen  tinous  greenstones  and  dolomites,  with  the  Lauren- 
tian of  other  parts  of  Canada,  and  particularly  the  Hastings  series  of 
Vennor.  This  series  is  capped  by  the  great  volcanic  series  of  the  Hu- 
ronian. These  pre- Silurian  rocks  are  confined  wholly  to  the  region  of 
the  southern  metamorphic  hills,  nothing  of  equivalent  age  having  yet 
been  identified  in  the  central  and  northern  portions  of  the  province, 
[n  the  rocks  referred  to  the  Huronian  are  two  well  marked  divisions, 
bhe  lower  or  Coldbrook  group  and  the  upper  or  Coastal  group,  between 
^hich  there  is  not  infrequently  evidence  of  at  least  a  partial  uncon- 
formity. The  pre-Silurian  rocks  are  of  vast  thickness ;  their  divisions 
weve  deposited  under  markedly  different  conditions ;  there  are  uncon- 
formities between  these  divisions.  These  facts  show  that  these  rocks 
ire  at  least  as  old  as  the  Huronian  and  portions  of  the  Laurentian  sys- 
tem. Above  the  Upper  Silurian  rocks  are  found  felsite-porphyries  and 
peculiar  orthophyres  at  Passamaquoddy  bay,  and  at  Eastport  and 
Pembroke,  Maine.  On  the  St.  John  river,  associated  with  the  fossilif 
irous  rocks  are  amygdaloidal  and  ash  rocks  which  are  indistinguish- 
ible  lithologically  from  the  Huronian  formation,  and  to  which  all  of 
:hese  rocks  have  previously  been  referred. 
Bailey,41  in  1885,  finds  the  granites  of  southern  and  central  New 
Brunswick  to  be  of  intrusive  character  and  to  cut  rocks  as  late  in  age 
as  the  Carboniferous.  As  evidence  of  this  are  cited  the  abrupt  transi- 
:ions  from  the  massive  granite  to  the  associated  schists;  the  widely 
aifierent characters  of  the  invaded  beds;  the  fact  that  foliation  and 
Irystallization  are  most  marked  in  the  vicinity  of  the  granite  and  de- 
crease in  receding  from  it;  the  outlines  of  the  granite  are  irregular  and 
pometimes  parallel,  at  other  times  are  oblique  to,  and  at  other  times 
lit  right  angles  to  the  rocks  cut;  detached  masses  or  bosses  of  granite 
Iporder  main  granitic  areas;  granite  veins  like  those  of  the  main  mass 
|>f  granite  penetrate  the  schists  in  all  directions  adjacent  to  the  granite 
