166  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1904.         [bull.  260. 
neighborhood  of  5  per  cent  cassiterite,  but  it  is  apparent  that  the 
enterprise  was  unprofitable.  For  many  years  the  property  has  been 
idle,  but  it  is  now  reported  that  work  is  soon  to  be  resumed. 
TIN   IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES  AND  ALASKA. 
By  Frank  L.  Hess. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The  portions  of  the  world  that  produce  tin  in  commercial  quanti- 
ties may  be  grouped  into  four  regions — the  Malayan,  Australian,, 
Bolivian,  and  European. 
Of  these,  the  Malayan  and  Australian  regions  are  connected  rather 
closely,  as  Australia  belongs  structurally  to  the  same  land  mass  as 
Asia,  and  the  Malayan  region  forms  a  partial  connecting  link  be- 
tween the  two. 
The  Malayan  region,  which  includes,  besides  the  Malay  Peninsula.u 
Burma,  Yunnan,  and  the  territory  adjacent  to  the  Lakawn  Mountair 
axis,  the  islands  of  Banca  and  Billiton,  and  other  islands  of  the  Eal 
Indies,  produces  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  tin  output  of  the  world 
The  Australian  region  includes  all  of  Australia  and  Tasmania.  Thj 
Bolivian  region  is  the  second  largest  producer  of  tin  and  the  large! 
producer  from  veins,  practically  all  its  output  being  lode  tin.  Thti 
European  region  includes  Great  Britain  and  the  continent  of  Europei 
Besides  the  tin  produced  in  these  four  regions  small  amounts  ar< 
mined  in  Japan  and  Africa,  and  scattered  deposits  have  been  founc 
in  the  United  States,  Alaska,  Siberia,  and  other  places. 
II 
MALAYAN  REGION.  " 
The  Malayan  region,  as  stated,  covers  all  that  producing  territory 
which,  centering  in  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extends  northward   int<  F° 
China  and  southward  into  the  East  Indies. 
Malay  States. — Running  in  a  northwest-southeast  directum 
through  the  Malay  States  is  a  backbone  of  granite  mountains — tin  I 
Lakawn  Range — flanked  by  crystalline  limestones,  sandstones,  an< 
some  chlorite-  and  talc-schists,  which  are  generally  considered  Paleo 
zoic.  The  range  runs  northward  from  the  Malay  States  and  unite 
with  the  mountain  complex  of  southern  China  and  eastern  India 
On  the  south,  through  the  sinking  of  the  land,  it  is  now  separated  b; 
comparatively  shallow  water  from  its  southeasterly  extension  on  th< 
producing  islands  of  Singkep,  Banka,  and  Billiton.  In  the  Mala; 
Peninsula  this  range  divides  the  country  longitudinally  into  approxi 
mately  equal  parts.     Behind  Perak  the  mountains  rise  to  a  height  o 
M 
