AN 
GRATON 
'D]  OCCURRENCE    AND    DISTRIBUTION    OF    TIN.  179 
Transvaal. — Tin  has  lately  been  found  at  Buschveld,  65  miles 
north  of  Pretoria,  in  quartz  veins  8  to  24  inches  wide,  traversing 
granite.  The  granite  on  both  sides  of  the  veins  is  impregnated  with 
cassiterite.     Chalcopyrite  and  hematite  accompany  the  tin. 
Cassiterite  also  occurs  at  Lydenburg,  farther  northeast,  where  it 
is  accompanied  by  arsenopyrite.  It  is  also  found  as  stream  tin  and 
as  veins  in  granite  on  Letaba  River. 
Kamerun. — Tin  ores  are  reported  in  Kamerun  in  considerable 
amounts,  but  little  is  known  of  their  occurrence. 
Nigeria.. — Tin  probably  occurs  in  both  Northern  and  Southern 
Nigeria.  In  the  former  a  company  has  been  formed  to  mine  tin  near 
the  Kamerun  border.  Some  very  pure  tin  in  small  rods  of  native 
manufacture  has  found  its  way  to  the  London  market  from  southern 
Nigeria,  where  tin  ore  occurs  on  Benoue  River. 
French  Congo. — Tin  is  reported  in  the  Crystal  Mountains,  on.  the 
Oubanghi,  and  at  Djabbir,  on  the  Quelle  Makua. 
Madagascar. — Tin  veins  are  doubtfully  reported  as  occurring  at 
Ambatofangehana. 
ASIA. 
Siberia. — Tin  deposits  occur  in  at  least  four  different  places  along 
Onon  River  near  the  village  of  Olovianny  Rudnik,  where  old  work- 
ings were  discovered  by  the  Russians  in  1811  and  worked  until  1852. 
The  rocks  are  very  old,  gray,  argillaceous  schists  resting  upon 
granite.  Cassiterite  is  found  in  quartz  veins  cutting  the  schists,  in 
the  schists  themselves,  and  in  granite  dikes  cutting  the  schists.  The 
.gravels  along  the  Onon  are  said  to  be  stanniferous  for  TO  miles  in 
this  vicinity. 
India. — Besides  Burma  and  the  adjoining  country,  considered  in 
the  Malayan  region,  tin  occurs  in  India  in  the  presidency  of  Bengal, 
in  longitude  86°  07'  E.,  latitude  24°  10'  N.,  near  Baragunda,  with 
thin  dikes  of  pegmatite,  intercalated  in  gneiss,  varying  from  6  inches 
to  6  feet  in  thickness.  Magnetite  is  thickly  scattered  through  the 
pegmatite.  Cassiterite  is  found  over  an  area  of  21  square  miles  in 
this  neighborhood. 
It  was  first  found  by  natives,  who  smelted  the  cassiterite,  thinking 
it  was  iron  ore.  When  the  white  metal  was  obtained  they  thought 
it  was  silver  and  tried  to  sell  it  at  a  neighboring  village  as  such. 
The  deposits  have  been  prospected  rather  extensively,  but  no  tin 
has  been  marketed  from  them,  though  they  may  be  productive  in  the 
future. 
Tin  also  occurs  at  Pihra,  with  lepidolite,  in  pegmatite  dikes,  at 
Simratara  in  granite,  cutting  mica-schists,  and  at  a  few  other  places. 
Japan. — In  Japan  cassiterite  occurs  in  veins  in  Satsuma,  Hitachi, 
