244  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1904.         [bull.  260l 
any  return  from  the  reduction  of  their  ore.  On  the  other  hand,  they 
claim  to  have  in  sight  2,100,000  tons  of  ore  (estimating  19  cubic  feet 
to  the  ton),  which  will  carry,  on  the  average,  3  per  cent  of  copper." 
Development. — The  mine  has  been  opened  by  a  new  vertical  shaft 
GOO  feet  in  depth,  with  levels  at  100-foot  intervals  and  drifts  for 
several  thousand  feet  along  the  length  of  the  deposit,  and  by  a  cross- 
cut tunnel  over  5,000  feet  long,  which  is  to  tap  the  vein  at  the  000- 
foot  level. 
A  supply  of  water  being  absolutely  indispensable  for  the  economic 
working  of  the  mine,  especially  the  concentration  of  ore,  the  Wawah 
Springs,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  valley  of  the  same  name,  have 
been  bought  at  a  cost  of  $00,000  from  their  Mormon  owner,  who  hadj 
held  them  at  this  price  for  over  fifty  years.  The  water  from  the 
group  of  sixteen  springs  has  been  gathered  together  into  a  collecting 
reservoir  with  a  capacity  of  36,000  gallons.  An  iron  pipe  line  8  miles! 
long  has  been  laid  across  the  valley,  connecting  the  springs  with  a] 
receiving  reservoir  having  a  capacity  of  300,000  gallons  and  situated] 
just  above  the  proposed  town  of  Xewhouse.  The  springs  being  601 
feet  higher  than  the  valley  bottom,  the  receiving  reservoir  was  built! 
at  an  elevation  of  400  feet  above  this  bottom,  thus  affording  a  head; 
of  200  feet  to  overcome  friction,  etc.  The  capacity  of  the  springs  il 
estimated  at  a  minimum  of  1,400  gallons  per  minute  at  all  season^. 
The  plant  consists  of  a  power  generator  destined  to  furnish  powel 
for  drilling,  hoisting,  etc.,  at  the  mine,  and  a  concentrator  now  build- 
ing of  an  estimated  capacity  of  600  tons  of  ore  per  day,  capable  ofl 
being  enlarged  to  1,500  tons.  The  town  which  is  growing  up  around] 
this  plant  is  situated  on  the  sagebrush-covered  Quaternary  slopes  oil 
the  valley,  about  1-J  miles  out  from  the  tunnel  entrance  at  the  foot  of 
the  mountains  and  a  little  over  500  feet  below  it.  A  railroad  line, 
2^  miles  long,  with  4  per  cent  grade,  will  connect  the  tunnel  entrance 
with  the  concentrating  works  and  be  operated  by  a  Shay  locomotive, 
while  a  standard-gage  railroad  line,  7  miles  long,  runs  around  the 
southern  end  of  the  Grampian  Hills,  connecting  the  town  with  the] 
Frisco  branch  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line,  which  is  now  operated  by 
the  San  Pedro,  Salt  Lake  and  Los  Angeles  Railroad,  controlled  by 
W.  A.  Clark. 
Geology. — Only  a  rough  sketch  of  some  of  the  broader  features  of 
the  geological  structure  of  this  range  can  be  given  at  present,  as  the 
writer's  observations  have  been  limited  to  general  views  obtained 
from  the  Horn  Silver  and  Cactus  mines  and  to  traverses  across  the 
range  opposite  the  respective  mines.     The  accompanying  topograph 
a  The  writer  has  made  no  attempt  to  verify  these  Qgures,  hut  merely  presents  them  am 
given  to  him,  because  they  furnish  an  interesting  example  of  mining  enterprise  in  the 
West. 
