KANSOME.]  COEUR    d'aLENE    DISTRICT,    IDAHO.  287 
Evolution  trail,  Evolution  being  a  little  settlement  about  2  miles  west 
of  Osburn's  ranch,  then  a  well-known  stopping  point  for  travelers. 
It  was  impossible  to  mine  and  ship  lead  ores  until  better  facilities  for 
transportation  were  obtained. 
The  discovery  of  the  Bunker  Hill  mine  by  Phil  O'Rourke  and  N.  S. 
Kellogg  in  1885,  of  the  Sullivan  mine  by  Con  Sullivan  and  Jacob 
Goetz,  and  the  evident  existence  of  large  bodies  of  rich  ore  in  the  j 
Tiger,  Poorman,  Granite,  San  Francisco,  Morning,  and  other  mines,  | 
removed  all  doubts  of  the  future  importance  of  the  South  Fork  mines,   j 
The  opening  of  the  year  1886  was  marked  by  a  decided  rush  from 
the  outside  and  from  the  waning  placers  of  Murray  into  this  new 
field,  particularly  to  the  settlements  of  Milo  and  Kentucky,  now  parts 
of  Wardner  and  Kellogg.     Triweekly  stages  ran   from  Mission   to 
Wardner,   and  a  stage  road  was  built   connecting   Delta   with  the 
South  Fork. 
In  1880  ore  from  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mines  was  hauled  [ 
by  wagons  to  Mission,  carried  by  boat  to  the  outlet  of 'the  lake,  and    j 
thence  shipped  to  Helena,  Mont.     The  ore  from  Last  Chance,  Tyler,    i 
and  Sierra  Nevada  mines  was  treated  in  a  new  smelter  at  Milo.     This 
early  attempt  at  local  smelting  was  soon  abandoned. 
In  the  following  year  a  narrow-gage  railroad  was  completed  by 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  Railway  and  Navigation  Company  from  Mission 
to  Wardner  Junction,  at  the  mouth  of  Milo  Creek.  Wardner  had 
now  become  a  town  of  1,500  people,  while  the  population  of  Murray 
lad  fallen  to  about  1,000.  There  were  about  500  inhabitants  at  Wal- 
lace, and  Burke  and  Mullan  were  growing  settlements.  Probably 
100,000  tons  of  ore  were  piled  on  the  dumps  of  the  Canyon  Creek 
mines  awaiting  means  of  transportation.  The  Oregon  Railway  and 
Navigation  Company  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  were  both 
striving  at  this  time  to  secure  entrance  to  the  district. 
In  April,  1887,  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mines  were  sold  to  | 
S.  G.  Reed,  and  in  August  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  and 
Concentrating  Company  was  organized,  with  a  capital  of  $3,000,000. 
The  Poorman,  Granite,  and  Morning  mines  were  also  sold  at  about 
this  time.  The  completion  of  the  narrow-gage  railroad  to  Burke  in 
this  year  enabled  the  Canyon  Creek  mines  to  ship  their  ore.  Prob-  1 
bly  over  50,000  tons  of  lead-silver  ore  was  mined  in  1887,  the  princi- 
pal producers  being  the  Tiger,  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan,  Tyler  and 
Stemwinder,  Last  Chance,  Sierra  Nevada,  Poorman,  and  Granite. 
The  Mammoth  and  Standard  veins  were  ;i>  yet  merely  good  prospects. 
In  1888  placer  mining  near  Murray  and  Delta  had  greatly  declined. 
A  pipe  line  was  constructed  from  Raven  in  1890  to  hydraulic  the 
^ench  gravels  of  the  so-called  Old  Wash,  near  Murray,  and  some 
lydraulic  mining  is  still  occasionally  carried  on  in  Dream  Gulch. 
