abnold.]  COAL    IN    CLALLAM    COUNTY,   WASH.  415 
tions  of  oil  were  found  in  the  pre-Oligocene  series  at  three  localities — 
in  serpentine  1-J  miles  south  of  Point  of  the  Arches,  in  a  soft  gra}^ 
sandstone  (possibly  Oligocene  or  younger)  3  miles  north  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Ozette  River,  and  3  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Quilla- 
yute  River,  where  a  1,500-foot  abandoned  well  is  located.  Fragments 
of  carbonaceous  matte]-  and  small  stringers  of  lignite  are  found  in 
the  sandstones  between  Point  of  the  Arches  and  the  mouth  of  the 
Ozette  River  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Johnson. 
Oligocene-Miocene. — All  of  the  pre-Pleistocene  deposits  along 
Juan  de  Fuca  Strait  from  Freshwater  Bay  to  Cape  Flattery,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Crescent  Bay  basalts  and  tuffs  and  the  sandstone 
and  conglomerate  of  the  Clallam  Bay-Hoko  River  region,  belong 
to  the  Oligocene-Miocene  group.0  At  least  the  greater  part,  and 
possibly  the  whole,  of  the  thick  section  of  conglomerates,  sandstones, 
and  shales  exposed  in  the  Cape  Flattery  promontory  also  belongs 
in  the  same  division.  The  sandstones  and  shales  exposed  in  the  hills 
south  of  the  Bogachiel  River  for  several  miles  east  of  its  junction 
with  the  Soled uck  belong  either  in  the  top  of  this  series  or  in  the 
base  of  the  Pliocene.  A  generalized  section  of  the  Oligocene-Mio- 
cene group  for  the  Freshwater  Bay-Clallam  Bay  region  gives: 
Generalized  section  of  Oligocene-Miocene  rocks  of  the  Freshwater  Bay-Clallam 
Bay  region. 
Feet. 
Coal-bearing  coarse  sandstones  and  conglomerates 500+ 
Massive  gray  shales  and  fine  gray  sandstones 1,300 
Fine  gray  shale,  massive  at  top.  thin  bedded  below 975 
Coarse  conglomerate,  with  occasional  sandstone  layers  and 
lenses    875 
Total   3.650+ 
Both  of  the  coal  fields  described  later  are  found  in  the  Oligocene- 
Miocene  group,  the  Freshwater  Bay  beds  occurring  probably  near  the 
base,  while  the  Clallam  Bay  coal- bearing  strata  are  found  nearer 
the  top. 
Pliocene. — The  Pliocene  epoch  is  represented  by  a  series  of  alter- 
nating conglomerates  and  coarse  sandstones,  which  form  the  steep 
cliffs  along  the  strait  from  Clallam  Bay  to  the  month  of  the  Hoko 
River.  No  fossils  contemporaneous  with  the  formation  were  found 
in  it,  but  many  of  the  waterworn  sandstone  bowlders  of  the  conglom- 
erate contained  numerous  Miocene  fossils  in  a  good  state  of  preserva- 
tion. As  the  formation  is  certainly  pre-Pleistocene,  the  above  evi- 
dence locates  it  with  certainty  in  the  Pliocene. 
"It  is  deemed  best  to  use  the  term  "Oligocene-Miocene,"  as  the  separation  of  the  two 
members  of  this  group  will  necessarily  have  to  ho  mad"  on  paleontological  grounds,  and 
will  require  ;i  more  careful  study  of  the  material  collected  than  it  is  possible  to  make  at 
the  present  time. 
