450  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1904.         [bill.  200. 
In  1890  and  1891  the  supply  of  gas  obtained  at  Cherryvale  became 
sufficient  to  permit  its  general  use  for  domestic  purposes  in  the  town, 
and  both  Cherryvale  and  Coffey ville  have  had  an  abundance  of  gas 
since  that  time.  It  is  practically  the  only  fuel  and  illuminant  used 
in  both  of  these  places.  The  recently  established  electric  light  plants 
depend  on  it  for  the  generation  of  steam. 
The  development  of  gas  at  Independence  has  a  history  similar  to 
that  at  Cherryvale  and  Coffeyville,  excepting  that  it  took  place  a  few 
years  later.  Independence  was  not  supplied  with  gas  until  1893. 
In  this  same  year  the  first  good  gas  Avells  wTere  obtained,  near  Neo- 
desha, and  the  gas  was  piped  into  the  town.  Prospect  drilling  was 
soon  extended  over  the  wThole  of  southeastern  Kansas  and  into  Indian 
Territory,  but  with  varied  success.  A  well  drilled  near  Caney  early 
in  1904  reached  a  depth  of  nearly  1,600  feet  and  yielded  a  flow  of  gas 
reported  to  be  close  to  20,000,000  cubic  feet  per  day. 
Though  oil  had  long  since  been  produced  a  few  miles  north  of 
Neodesha,  not  much  was  produced  in  Montgomery  County  until  1903, 
when  the  development  of  the  Bolton  pool,  a  mile  northeast  of  Bolton, 
began.  Here,  in  the  southeast  quarter  of  sec.  17,  were  drilled  a 
number  of  wells,  each  with  an  initial  production  exceeding  500  bar- 
rels per  day,  so  that  until  the  middle  of  1901  the  Bolton  was  the  most 
prominent  and  popular  pool  in  the  State. 
In  1903  a  shallow  oil  sand  was  also  encountered  at  a  depth  of  350 
feet  a  short  distance  southeast  of  Coffeyville.  This,  within  a  limited 
area,  Avas  fairly  productive. 
During  the  winter  of  1903-1  a  number  of  oil  wells  were  obtained 
in  the  vicinity  of  Tyro,  and  almost  immediately  south  of  Tyro, 
within  100  feet  of  the  south  line  of  the  State,  a  flowing  Avell  filled  a 
250-barrel  tank  every  day  for  the  first  week.  It  is  still  an  excellent 
producer.     In  1904  the  Wayside  pool  also  was  opened. 
Oil  and  gas  are  usually  intimately  associated.  Though  some  small 
areas  are  very  productive  of  gas  but  show  no  oil,  while  others  pro- 
duce large  quantities  of  oil  but  sIioav  little  gas,  the  association  of  the 
two  products  is  such  that  their  respective  areas  can  scarcely  be  sepa- 
rated on  a  map  or  in  a  description  of  their  geographic  distribution. 
At  present  the  most  productive  areas  are  the  Bolton,  Wayside,  Caney, 
Tyro,  Coffeyville,  Independence-Dearing,  Drum  Creek,  Cherryvale, 
Salt  Creek,  and  Neodesha.     A  brief  description  of  each  follows. 
Bolton  pool. — The  Bolton  pool  is  about  5  miles  southAvest  of  Inde- 
pendence, between  Walker  Mound  and  Bolton,  on  the  Santa  Fe  Rail 
Avay.  Almost  this  entire  area,  which  has  an  extent  of  3^  miles, 
produces  oil  and  gas,  particularly  oil,  and  the  largest  oil  Avells  in 
the  State  are  located  here.     The  gas  wells  are  intimately  associated 
