landes.]  CLAY    DEPOSITS    OF    WASHINGTON.  551 
Value  of  the  products  of  clay  in  Washington,  1898-1903. 
1898 $250,  988 
1899 591,  277 
1900 625,  459 
1901 944,  798 
1902 905,  231 
1903 928,  265 
DISTRIBUTION   OF  DEPOSITS. 
The  igneous  and  sedimentary  rocks  from  which  clays  are  usually 
derived  are  common  in  the  State.  Of  the  igneous  rocks  granite  and 
basalt  are  perhaps  the  most  common.  Granite  is  found  very  gen- 
erally in  the  northern  and  northeastern  parts  of  the  State,  while 
basalt  is  the  country  rock  in  all  the  southeastern  sections.  Of  the 
sedimentary  rocks,  shales  a  fiord  the  chief  sources  of  clays.  They 
occur  very  commonly  west  of  the  Cascades,  especially  in  the  Puget 
Sound  basin.  Large  deposits  of  clay  are  found  within  the  extensive 
glaciated  areas.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  there  is  scarcely  a  region 
'of  any  extent  in  which  clays  suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  common 
brick  may  not  be  found.  From  time  to  time  better  grades  of  clay  are 
discovered,  and  beyond  a  doubt  the  State  contains  deposits  of  clay 
which  may  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  the  finest  wares. 
While  deposits  of  clay  occur  at  very  many  points,  it  is  only  in  the 
more  thickly  settled  parts  of  the  State  that  they  have  received  any 
attention  or  have  been  developed  in  the  least.  At  the  present  time 
there  are  three  principal  centers  for  the  manufacture  of  clay  products, 
which  may  be  designated  the  Seattle  district.  Spokane  district,  and 
Sopenah  district. 
In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Seattle  are  extensive  beds  of  clay 
suitable  for  making  common  and  hollow  brick,  draintile,  and  similar 
products.  At  Taylor  and  at  Kumnier,  a  few  miles  southeast  of 
Seattle,  are  extensive  deposits  of  clay  very  well  adapted  to  the  manu- 
facture of  pressed  brick,  sewer  pipe,  fire  brick,  and  vitrified  brick. 
At  Clayton,  about  30  miles  north  of  Spokane,  are  large  deposits 
of  clays  which  have  been  developed,  and  ornamental  brick,  terra 
cotta,  stoneware,  and  other  clay  products  arc  manufactured.  At 
Meade,  between  Spokane  and  Clayton,  is  a  bank  of  clay  from  which 
common  bricks  are  made.  At  Freeman  and  Mica,  two  towns  south 
of  Spokane,  are  beds  of  clay  of  excellent  quality  which  have  been 
worked  for  some  time. 
At  Sopenah,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  are  extensive  out- 
crops of  shale  which  yield  clay  of  good  quality  for  the  manufacture 
of  sewer  pipe,  draintile.  and  different  varieties  of  brick.  Fast  of 
Sopenah  for  a  number  of  miles  are  similar*  deposits  of  clay.  This 
is  one  of  the  most  extensive  clay  districts  of  the  State. 
