552  CONTKIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1904.  [bull.  260. 
Besides  the  localities  mentioned  above,  there  are  other  places  where 
the  demand  for  clay  products  has  led  to  the  opening  and  exploita- 
tion of  beds  of  clay,  though  on  a  less  extensive  scale.  Among  the 
most  important  are  Tacoma,  Chehalis,  North  Yakima,  Aberdeen, 
Wenatchee,  Pullman,  and  Palouse. 
DESCRIPTIONS   OF  CLAY  DEPOSITS. 
Seattle  district. — In  the  vicinity  of  Rummer,  on  the  line  of  the 
Columbia  and  Puget  Sound  Railway,  are  extensive  deposits  of  clay, 
some  of  which  have  been  developed  for  a  number  of  years.  The  most 
prominent  ones  are  those  owned  by  the  Denny  Clay  Company.  This 
company  manufactures  no  clay  products  at  this  place,  but  ships  all 
of  the  clay  to  its  principal  works  at  Van  Asselt,  near  Seattle.  The 
clay  beds  are  interstratified  with  layers  of  sandstone  and  with  seams 
of  coal.  The  strike  of  the  series  is  about  north  and  south  (mag- 
netic). The  dip  is  to  the  east  at  an  angle  of  52°.  A  section  across 
the  coal  and  clay  beds  that  are  used  is  given  below : 
Section  at  clay  and  coal  mine  at  Rummer. 
Ft.     in. 
Sandstone. 
Coal    3  8 
Sandstone    GO  0 
Coal  and  bone 2  4 
Arenaceous    clay 60  0 
Coal 2  0 
Bone    2  0 
Coal    2  0 
Sandstone    30  0 
Blue    shale 10  0 
Coal     2  10 
Sandstone    80  0 
Clay  (used  for  sewer  pipe) 18  0 
Coal    2  6 
Coarse   yellow    sandstone , 20  0 
Bluish  shale  and  sandstone 100  0 
Coal    4  6 
Clay  (used  for  sewer  pipe) 20  0 
Carbonaceous    clay 10  0 
Flint  clay  (used  for  fire  brick) 7  0 
Coal  and  bone 2  3 
Sandstone. 
At  Kummer  the  common  methods  of  coal  mining  are  employed  in 
obtaining  the  clay,  the  room-and-pillar  scheme  being  followed.  The 
Hint  fire  clay  is  brownish  black,  very  fine  grained,  and  hard.  It 
breaks  with  a  marked  conchoidal  fracture,  and  the  edges  of  a  broken 
piece  are  usually  very  sharp.  The  sewer-pipe  clays  are  fine  grained, 
break  with  sharp  edges,  but  do  not  possess  the  conchoidal  fracture 
