582 
CONTEIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1904.         [bull.  260. 
localities.  Also,  a  small  amount  of  natural  gas  was  found  in  a  21- 
foot  bore  hole  in  the  sulphur  area  northeast  of  Rustler  Spring. 
In  spite  of  these  various  indications,  very  little  oil  had  been  found 
in  trans-Pecos  Texas  until  early  in  1903,  when  Mr.  J.  D.  Leatherman 
reported  oil  about  15  miles  northwest  of  Toyah,  in  the  Toyah  basin. 
This  oil  is  said  to  occur  in  unconsolidated  materials,  but  it  has  not 
yet  been  regularly  removed,  and  the  yield  of  the  well  has  not  been 
determined.  The  well  went  through  20  feet  of  surface  material, 
mostly  gypsum,  20  feet  of  gravel,  and  150  feet  of  bluish  clay  contain- 
ing a  few  sand  streaks.  Oil,  which  rose  to  within  about  30  feet  of 
the  surface,  is  reported  to  have  been  found  at  170  feet.  Considerable 
gas  accompanies  this  oil. 
Oil  from  the  Leatherman  well  was  for  sale  in  the  winter  of  1903-4, 
at  Pecos,  where  it  was  used  for  lubricating  windmills.  An  analysis 
of  this,  by  Mr.  O.  H.  Palm,  of  the  University  of  Texas  Mineral  Sur- 
vey, follows: 
Analysis  of  oil  obtained  15  wiles  northwest  of  Toyah. 
Specific  gravity:  20°  C.  (68°  F.),  0.1)090,  equivalent  to  24°  Baume.  Barome- 
ter: 20.2  inches. 
Color  :  Dark  brown.     Odor  :  Sweet. 
Viscosity  :  Engler  test— 20°  at  25°  C—  73°  F. 
Cooling  test:  Oil  flows  at  minus  10°  C— 3°  F. 
Flash  point:  74°  C— 165.2°  F.     Burning  point:  110°  C— 230°  F. 
Heating  power:  10,440  B.  T.  U.=Calories :    10,800  on  water  free  oil. 
Distillation  yielded  the  following  fractions  (29.2  inches  pressure)  : 
Results  of  distillation  of  oil  obtained  15  miles  northwest  of  Toyah. 
No. 
Temperature. 
Percentage 
by  volume. 
Specific 
gravity. 
Baume. 
Color. 
Centigrade. 
Fahrenheit. 
1 
o 
125-150 
257-302 
6.10 
0. 7404 
59 
Colorless. 
o 
175-200 
347-392 
1.20 
.  7590 
54.  5 
Straw  yellow. 
3 
225-250 
437-482 
7.80 
.8360 
37 
Light  yellow. 
4 
250-275 
482-527 
8.20 
.8543 
34 
Do. 
5 
275-300 
527-572 
7.40 
.8620 
32 
Yellow. 
6 
325-350 
617-662 
50. 00 
.8843 
28 
Pale  red. 
Residue:  14  pe 
weight 
r  cent  by 
14.  00 
Black  asnhalt. 
Loss 
5.30 
Naphtha  (fraction  1),  6.10  per  cent  by  vol- 
Total  . 
100.00 
Burning  oil  (2, 3, 4, 5) ,  24.60  per  cent  by  vol- 
ume. 
Sulphur:  1  per 
cent. 
Heavy  oil  (6),  50  per  cent  by  volume. 
