68  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1905. 
Water  is  obtained  at  Cliff  Spring,  12  miles  east  of  the  settlement,  and  pinon  grows  or 
the  Kawich  Range,  8  miles  north  of  it.     Tonopah  is  70  miles  distant  by  road. 
Hills  in  the  vicinity  of  Cactus  Spring. — Cactus  Spring  is  located  in  a  group  of  hills  lying 
24  miles  east  of  Goldfield.  Rhyolite,  the  chief  rock  formation  of  these  hills,  is  kaolinized  oi 
silicified  in  several  areas  near  the  spring.  Quartz  veins  with  many  vugs  cut  the  alterec  1 
rhyolite,  the  quartz  being  coarsely  crystalline  and  white  in  color.  Surface  outcrops  an 
much  iron  stained.  Pyrite  and  chalcopyrite  are  sparingly  present  in  the  quartz  and  some- 
what impregnate  the  surrounding  rhyolite.  Both  fissure  filling  and  impregnation  of  the 
country  rock  have  occurred.     Free  gold  is  reported  from  several  prospects. 
Wellington. — Wellington  is  situated  in  low  hills  11  miles  south  of  Cactus  Spring.  Claim; 
were  first  located  in  August,  1904.  When  visited  (July,  1905),  several  men  were  doinj 
development  work. 
The  country  rock,  a  white  rhyolite,  is  considerably  altered  in  the  vicinity  of  the  veins- 
the  ground  mass  being  chalky,  the  biotite  altered  to  a  silvery-white  hydromica,  and  th< 
feldspar  kaolinized.  It  is  deeply  stained  by  limonite.  The  rhyolite  is  apparently  cut  fr 
dikes  of  an  altered  andesite  or  latite  of  purple  color. 
Both  rocks  along  a  zone  striking  N.  70°  E.  are  cut  by  quartz  veins,  many  of  which  strik 
parallel  to  the  extension  of  the  zone  and  dip  northward.  The  larger  veins  are  from  2  to  • 
feet  in  width.  Connecting  the  larger  veins  are  numerous  quartz  stringers,  which  course  lii 
all  directions,  often  cementing  crushed  areas.  The  semitransparent  and  crystalline  quart 
is  white,  although  locally  intensely  stained  by  limonite.  Vugs  with  small  quartz  crystal 
are  very  common,  as  is  crustification.  Minor  veins  of  calcite  were  observed.  Differential 
movement  has  occurred  parallel  to  some  of  the  veins,  and  the  quartz  is  often  intense!  Ij 
brecciated,  while  minor  faulting  across  the  strike  was  noted  in  several  places. 
The  values  reported  are  largely  gold,  silver  constituting  but  one-thirtieth  of  the  assi 
value.     The  ore  is  free  milling  and  the  gold  is  closely  connected  with  the  limonite. 
The  quartz  and  the  contained  ores  were  deposited  in  joints,  in  the  interstices  of  breccia; 
and  along  small  and  possibly  large  fault  fissures.  The  veins  have  been  faulted  and  th 
quartz  crushed.     Only  ores  oxidized  by  surface  waters  have  as  yet  been  encountered. 
The  railroad  at  Goldfield  is  approximately  28  miles  from  Wellington.  Water  and  woo 
are  obtained  from  Antelope  Spring,  12  miles  distant. 
Trappmans  Camp. — Trappmans  Camp  is  situated  34  miles  south  of  east  of  Goldfield,  i 
low,  rounded  hills  of  granite,  which  is  cut  by  pegmatite,  aplite,  and  rhyolite  dikes.  Inch 
sions  of  biotite  and  muscovite  schist  are  common  in  the  granite.  The  veins  were  diseovere 
by  Messrs.  Hermann  Trappman  and  John  Gabbard  in  June,  1904.  At  the  time  of  tl 
writer's  visit,  a  year  later,  the  Trappman  Mining  Company,  of  Goldfield,  New,  had  fh 
men  employed  in  opening  up  the  property,  the  chief  development  in  July,  1905,  being 
shaft  50  feet  deep. 
The  prospects  are  in  granite,  and  three  distinct  periods  of  quartz  formation  were  noted- 
first,  quartz  lenses  probably  of  pegmatitic  origin;  second,  quartz  veins  of  distinctly  law 
formation,  which  in  one  place  are  said  to  cut  the  rhyolite;  third,  quartz  veins  of  a  thii 
generation,  which  cut  the  second.     The  latter  class  of  veins  is  often  well  crustificd. 
The  pegmatitic  quartz  forms  bodies  varying  from  minute  stringers  in  the  granite 
lenses  one-fourth  of  a  mile  long  and  40  feet  wide.  On  the  contact  single  quartz  individua 
seem  common  to  both  granite  and  the  quartz  lenses.  The  quartz  is  hard  and  whitish,  ai 
in  some  places  intensely  brecciated  and  stained  by  limonite.  It  is  said  to  carry  silver  ai 
gold  values. 
The  second  class  of  quartz  veins  has  sharp  contacts  with  the  granite.  These  veins  a 
exceedingly  common  in  the  vicinity  of  Trappmans  Camp,  and  vary  widely  in  strike  ai 
dip.  In  limited  areas  they  tend  to  form  series  of  veins,  often  along  parallel  joint  planes 
the  granite.  In  width  the  veins  vary  from  an  inch  or  less  to  a  foot  or  more  and  the  paral 
series  are  sometimes  a  number  of  feet  thick.  These  veins  are  sometimes  faulted,  as  inc 
cated  by  the  presence  of  breccias,  while  the  surrounding  granite  shows  considerable  difft 
ential  movement.     The  quartz  is  slightly  bluish,  but  is  usually  stained  red  or  brown  I 
