204  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,    1.905. 
and  Punxsutawney,  covering  a  territory  of  about  7.r0  square  miles,  were  surveyed  by 
George  II.  Ashley,  who  was  assisted  by  Frank  W.  De  Wolf,  Frederick  B.  Peck,  and  M.  J. 
Munn.  In  this  region  the  coals  are  fairly  w<  11  known  and  little  information  regarding  new 
scams  or  new  territory  was  developed.  The  object  of  the  work  was  to  determine  the 
exact  correlation  of  the  various  beds,  the  extent  of  the  workable  areas,  and  the  g<  ologic 
structure  of  the  field.  Tin-  !att<  r  was  perhaps  the  most  important  object,  since  it  not  only 
has  a  direct  bearing  on  the  commercial  development  of  the  coal,  but  also  on  the  accumu- 
lation of  oil  and  gas,  for  which  this  region  is  particularly  noted. 
Kentucky. — In  northeastern  Kentucky  the  Kenova  quadrangle  was  thoroughly  invest! 
gated  by  W.  C.  Phalen,  under  the  direction  of  (i.  11.  Ashley,  and  the  geologic  relations  of  the 
coal  beds  were  studied  and  mapped  with  considerable  detail.  The  area  examined  is 
embraced  in  a  30-minute  quadrangle,  and  covers  approximately  950  square  miles.  In 
this  region  the  main  object  of  the  work  was  to  trace  the  outcrop  and  to  correlate  the  various 
coal  and  clay  beds,  also  to  determine  tin1  thickness  and  extent  of  the  workable  parts  of  the 
beds  and  the  general  structure  of  the  region. 
Malm  ma.  In  the  southern  Appalachians  work  of  a  similar  detailed  character  was  carried 
on  by  Charles  Butts  in  the  coal  li  Id  near  the  city  of  Birmingham.  In  this  region  one 
30-minute  quadrangle  in  the  vicinity  of  Birmingham  was  mapped,  with  the  exception  oi 
the  southeast  corner.  The  territory  examined  lay  mostly  in  the  Big  Warrior  coal  held, 
and  tlit-  coal  seams  were  very  car.  fully  examined  and  plotted  on  the  map.  Correlations 
were  made  and  also  accurate  <1  terminations  of  the  extent  and  quality  of  the  workable  coal 
No  work  was  done  in  the  coal  fields  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  during  the  past  year. 
New  Mi.rico-Colorado. — In  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  a  number  of  parties  were  at  work 
making  reconnaissance  surveys  of  some  of  the  little-known  coal  fields.  In  southern  Colorado 
ami  northwestern  New  Mexico  F.  C.  Schrader,  assisted  by  M.  K.  Shaler,  made  a  reconnais- 
sance examination  of  about  2,050  square  miles  of  territory.  This  party  began  operation 
at  Durango,  Colo.,  following  the  outcrop  of  the  coal-bearing  rocks  to  the  east  and  south  in  It 
the  Mount  Taylor  region  of  New  Mexico,  and  then  swinging  to  the  west  and  following  in  a 
general  way  the  outcrop  of  the  coal  beds  to  Gallup,  X.  M.,  where  there  arc  several  large 
mines  in  operation.  For  a  number  of  years  this  held  has  been  attracting  attention  and 
numerous  railroad  surveys  have  been  made  across  it,  presumably  with  the1  intention  ol 
developing  its  coal  resources,  but  so  far  little  practical  development  has  occurred,  except 
in  the  vicinity  of  Gallup,  on  the  Santa  Fe  Railway,  ami  around  Durange>  ami  Monero,  en- 
tile' Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  During  the  past  year  a  branch  of  the  latter  syste'ii 
has  been  built  south  from  Durango  toSan  Juan  River,  affording  access  to  a  \ery  import- 
ant part  of  this  coal  fielel.  The  work  done  by  Schrader's  party  consisted  in  determining  the 
area!  distribution  of  the  coals,  correlating  the-  Icels  worked  at  tic  various  points,  ami  detefi 
mining  the  geologic  horizons  at  which  the  ooal  occurs. 
Colorado. — In  the  northwestern  part  of  Colorade)  the  Vampa  or  Routt  County  col 
field  has  likewise  attracted  great  attention  for  a  number  of  years.  Surveys  have  been  madt 
into  the-  region  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Burlington  System,  but  up  to  the 
pre-se'iit  time  no  line  lias  been  constructed,  and  consequently  the  fielel  has  remained  in  ar 
undeveloped  condition.  Recently  public  attention  has  been  directed  te>  this  held  thremgfc 
the  building  of  the  Denver,  Northwestern  and  Pacific  Railroad  from  Denver  into  Middle 
Park  and  its  projection  to  the  west  down  Yampa  Valley.  In  order  to  meet  the  demanel  foi 
reliable  information  regarding  the  coal  of  the  Yampa  field,  a  careful  reconnaissance  sur\c\ 
was  made  by  N.  M.  Fenneman  and  H.  S.  Gale,  assisted  by  R.  C.  Alien.  A  very  detailffl 
reconnaissance  examination  was  made' e>f  a  territory  covering  about  1,200  square  miles  alom 
Yampa  River,  from  a  few  miles  below  Steamboat  Springs  te>  the1  small  village  e>f  Lay,  neat 
the  center  e>f  the  county.  The  feature  e)f  this  fielel  that  has  attrae-te'el  the  most  at  tent  iol 
is  the  occurrence  e>f  anthracite  in  the  northern  part, and  some  controversy  has  been  carriq 
on  regarding  the  extent  ami  value'  of  these  deposits.  Considerable  time  was  spent  in  ai 
examination  of  this  small  anthracite  area,  in  the  hope  that  sufficient  evidence  might  be 
obtained  to  determine  its  extent  and  commercial  value,  but  owing  to  the  broken  conditio! 
