CLAYS    OF    WESTERN    KENTUCKY    AND    TENNESSEE.         423 
Feet. 
6.  Pink  plastic  clay i-  1 
5.  Black  to  chocolate-colored  rotten  clay  containing  small  particles  of  iron  py- 
rite,  fragments  of  lignitized  wood,  and  a  few  leaf  impressions \-  2 
4.  White  ball  clay  which  is  considered  the  strongest  clay  in  the  pit 2 
3.  Black  rotten  clay  similar  to  No.  5 1-  2 
2.  "White  ball  clay,  very  plastic,  and  similar  to  No.  4 8-12 
1.  Gray  clay  similar  to  the  above  except  that  it  contains  a  slightly  larger 
amount  of  free  silica 4 
The  clay  is  assorted  in  the  pit  into  four  classes.  The  finest  ball  clay  is  found  in  beds 
Nos.  4  and  2. 
The  Monroe  pit,  owned  by  Mr.  I.  Mandle,  is  located  one-fourth  mile  west  of  the  railroad 
and  3  miles  north  of  Whitlock.  A  side  track  has  been  put  in,  and  the  clay  is  hauled 
from  the  pit  in  wagons  and  loaded  into  the  cars.     The  section  is  as  follows: 
Section  in  Monroe  clay  'pit,  Henry  County,  Term. 
Feet. 
Lafayette  gravel  and  sand 8 
Red  stratified  sand 10-12 
Yellow  semiplastic,  stratified,  sand  clay  with  thin  bands  of  rock  one- 
fourth  to  one-half  inch  thick 5 
Gray  plastic  clay 10 
Black  clay  similar  to  the  black  rotten  clay  near  the  top  of  the  clay  deposit  in 
the  Mandle.  pit  3  miles  west  of  Whitlock.  This  is  mixed  with  the  other  and 
shipped  as  a  sagger  clay 12 
The  clay  lies  in  horizontal  strata.     The  principal  use  is  for  wads  and  saggers. 
The  Claxton  clay  pit,  of  which  Mr.  I.  Mandle  is  owner,  is  located  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
east  of  India.  It  was  opened  in  1898.  The  clay,  which  has  a  strong  dip  to  the  south,  was 
first  discovered  in  the  road.  The  formation  of  the  clay  is  very  similar  to  that  at  the  Mandle 
pit  3  miles  west  of  Whitlock.  The  area  now  opened  is  in  two  chambers.  The  east-west 
opening  is  about  100  by  100  feet,  and  the  north-south  opening  50  by  100  feet.  The  section 
on  the  south  side  of  pit  is  as  follows: 
Section  in  Claxton  clay  pit,  Henry  County,  Tenn. 
Feet. 
Red  Lafpyette  sand 15 
Thin  band  of  black  rotten  clay 1 
White  ball  clay  containing  stains  of  iron  oxide 6  -  7 
Black  rotten  clay  same  as  upper  clay  layer  1J  feet  thick  at  north  end  of  pit, 
but  thickening  to  2\  feet  at  the  south  end 1  J-  2§ 
Gray,  tough  ball  clay,  white  when  dry,  4  feet  thick  at  north  end,  and  5  feet 
thick  at  south  end 4  -  5 
Thin  band  of  black  rotten  clay \-    \ 
A  well  recently  bored  about  100  yards  south  of  the  pit  struck  the  clay  at  a  depth  of  16 
feet  and  passed  through  it  at  a  depth  of  32  feet.  Coarse  yellow  sand  was  found  below  the 
clay  and  a  fine  stream  of  water  was  struck  at  a  depth  of  60  feet. 
The  three  Mandle  pits  in  Henry  County  furnish  Tennessee  ball  clay  No.  1  and  No.  3, 
besides  sagger,  wad,  and  stoneware  clays.  These  various  kinds  of  clays  occur  in  the  same 
pit.  The  ball  clays  are  found  in  the  upper  part  of  the  deposit,  which  gradually  grades 
into  the  wad  and  more  common  clays  below. 
The  ball  clays  are  used  by  white-ware  and  art  potteries,  encaustic  tile  manufactories, 
electric  and  porcelain  works,  and  enameling,  stamping,  and  terra  cotta  concerns. 
Tennessee  ball  clay  No.  1. — -This  is  a  highly  plastic  clay,  which  mixes  well  with  water, 
and  when  washed  through  a  120-mesh  sieve  leaves  but  little  residue.  The  clay  fuses  at 
Seger  cone  No.  8  and  has  a  total  shrinkage  of  15  per  cent,  or  about  one-seventh.  At  this 
heat  it  burns  to  a  white-creamish  color. 
