438  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1005. 
on  the  shores  of  Nauset  Harbor,  however,  6  or  8  feet  of  brownish  buff  sandy  clay,  eith 
Jacob  or  Gardiner,  are  exposed  just  above  beach  level.  There  are  also  indications  of  t 
presence  of  clay  in  the  hills  northwest  of  Town  Cove.  Again,  1  mile  northeast  of  Brewst 
a  little  sandy  clay  shows  in  the  beach.  Clay  is  also  reported  to  have  been  found  along  t 
shore  near  East  Brewster.  None  of  the  localities,  so  far  as  known,  are  capable  of  furnishi 
clay  except  in  very  small  quantities,  and  unless  other  deposits  are  found  no  commerc 
developments  are  to  be  anticipated. 
Chatham  region. — This  term  is  applied  to  the  area  included  in  Chatham  and  that  part 
Orleans  Township  bordering  on  Pleasant  Bay.  The  area  is  characterized  by  a  stro 
development  of  the  Gardiner  clays,  especially  along  the  shores  of  the  bay  mentioned. 
One-fourth  mile  east  of  the  highway,  on  the  north  side  of  Pleasant  Bay,  a  dark  clii 
presumably  the  Gardiner,  outcrops  in  a  broad,  low  arch  or  anticline  beneath  a  thick  ser: 
of  sands  and  gravels.  The  clay  continues  for  100  or  200  feet,  then  sinks  below  the  beac 
In  a  bluff  on  the  point  just  beyond  the  small  inlet,  one-half  mile  from  the  road  mention* 
there  is  another  similar  anticline  of  dark  Gardiner  clay.  This  is  somewhat  higher  a: 
broader  than  the  preceding,  and  more  clay  is  exposed.  Either  of  the  outcrops  could 
made  to  furnish  clay  for  local  use  without  great  expense,  although  considerable  strippi 
would  be  necessary  if  the  clays  were  to  be  worked  on  a  large  scale.  The  most  importa 
outcrops  of  the  clays  are  on  Nickersons  Neck,  on  the  south  shore  of  Pleasant  Bay,  beginni 
about  one-third  mile  from  the  mouth  of  Muddy  Creek  and  extending  to  the  bend  of  t 
nock,  three-fourths  mile  northeast.  The  clays  outcrop  along  the  beach  in  a  series  of  gem 
folds.  From  5  to  30  feet  of  clay  are  exposed,  all  of  which  could  be  used  for  making  bri< 
or  similar  purposes.  The  clay,  in  its  lower  and  less  altered  portions,  is  gray  to  neai 
black,  but  in  the  upper  weathered  portions  it  is  greenish  or  brownish,  and  weathers  intc 
loose,  buckshot-like  mass.  Thin,  ferruginous  lamina;  and  soft  iron  concretions  are  abu 
dant  in  the  upper  portion.  The  clay  at  some  points  contains  a  few  erratic  pebbles,  and 
elsewhere  somewhat  sheared,  probably  owing  to  the  drag  caused  by  the  overriding  of  t 
Gardiner  clay  by  the  Mont  auk  ice,  from  which  the  pebbles  were  also  derived.  Over  t 
clay  there  is  30  feet  or  more  of  sand  and  fine  gravel,  which  would  make  stripping  expensi 
if  the  clay  should  ever  be  worked  on  a  large  scale.  Amounts  sufficient  to  supply  all  lo< 
needs  could,  however,  be  taken  from  the  bluffs  with  little  or  no  stripping.  The  islands  < 
the  mouth  of  Pleasant  Bay  were  not  visited,  but  Simpson  Island  show's  rather  dark  bluf 
which  may  indicate  the  presence  of  clay.  The  small  island  southeast  of  this  shows,  so  1 
as  could  be  determined  from  the  shore,  only  gravel.  Strong  Island,  to  judge  from 
elevation,  probably  contains  clay,  although  it  may  be  entirely  covered  by  sand.  On  t 
south  side  of  Nickersons  Neck  clay  is  exposed  in  the  high  bluff  on  the  north  shore  of  Cro 
Pond  and  in  a  pit  just  southeast  of  the  highway  leading  to  Nickersons  Neck,  and  near  t 
head  of  Riders  Cove,  there  is  a  pit  75  feet  in  diameter  and  15  feet  deep,  from  which  cc 
siderable  clay  has  been  taken  in  the  past.  The  clay  is  brown  and  weathers  into  sm 
plates  or  buckshot  lumps.  It  evidently  belongs  to  the  upper  weathered  portion  of  t 
Gardiner  clay,  and  agrees  very  closely  in  character  with  the  upper  portion  of  the  clays 
the  bluffs  on  the  north  side  of  the  neck.  Another  clay  pit  is  located  just  west  of  the  Sts 
road,  as  it  descends  from  Nickersons  Neck  to  Riders  Cove.  The  clay  varies  from  lig 
blue  and  gray  in  the  unweathered  portions  to  brown  in  the  weathered  portions,  and  is  ve 
hard  and  much  jointed,  as  well  as  folded  and  sheared.  The  clay  contains  a  few  pebbl 
and  one  bowlder  15  inches  in  diameter  was  seen,  which  would  indicate  that  it  is  to 
referred  to  the  Montauk  drift,  although  doubtless  formed  from  the  reworking  of  Gardir 
clay  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  It  bears  a  somewhat  close  resemblance  to  the  clay  at  t 
brickyards  at  West  Barnstable.  Indications  of  clay  were  seen  on  the  east  side  of  Rid( 
Cove  and  near  Chathamport.  At  North  Chatham  a  small  pit  north  of  the  road  shows 
feet  of  brownish  clays,  with  occasional  pebbles.  The  same  clay  rises  and  shows  in  t 
road  near  by  25  feet  higher.  It  is  evidently  to  be  referred  to  the  Montauk  drift.  No  el 
was  seen  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Chatham,  and  in  general  it  is  not  to  be  expected 
large  quantities,  as  the  region  has  not  been  lifted  enough  to  bring  the  clays  above  sea  lev 
