J     PUNXSUTAWNEY    AND    GLEN    CAMPBELL    COAL    FIELDS,    PA.        279 
Canoe  Ridge  mines  all  have  or  have  had  an  output  of  3,000  tons  or  over  a  day.  The 
■Florence  and  Adrian  mines  and  Elk  Run  shaft,  which  are  continuous,  yielded  in  1903 
il,708,744  tons;  the  Walston  mines,  Nos.  3,  4,  and  6,  which  also  connect  with  the  mines 
i  just  mentioned,  yielded  over  8.50,000  tons  in  1903;  and  the  Canoe  Ridge  mine  has  now 
ikn  output  of  about  800,000  tons.  The  Adrian  and  Eleanora  mines  have  each  produced 
in  the  neighborhood  of  1,000,000  tons  for  several  years,  the  Eleanora  surpassing  that 
(mark  in  1899  and  the  Adrian  in  1900.  The  fact  that  these  mines  work  all  night  is  an 
limportant  factor  in  this  production.  Of  this  output  the  larger  portion  is  machine  mined. 
jThus  the  Rochester  and  Pittsburg  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  out  of  a  total  output  in  this 
field  in  1903  of  3,240,000  tons,  mined  2,729,000  tons  by  machines,  using  128  machines 
for  that  purpose,  all  of  the  compressed-air  type.  The  product  of  several  of  these  mines 
goes  largely  into  coke.  Of  the  2,000  tons  a  day  yielded  by  Walston  mines  Nos.  1  and  3, 
|all  passing  through  a  6-inch  screen  (1,700  tons)  is  converted  into  coke.  The  company 
ihas  here  657  coke  ovens  in  one  continuous  row,  said  to  be  the  longest  in  the  country  and 
to  contain  also  the  largest  number  of  ovens.  The  coal  is  crushed  and  sized,  then  washed  to 
remove  the  slate  and  sulphur,  after  which  it  is  stored  in  bins  to  be  used  in  charging  the 
ovens.  At  Adrian  the  output  is  2,700  long  tons  daily,  or  60,000  tons  per  month.  The 
coal  is  a  little  harder,  so  that  only  about  one-half  of  the  output  passes  a  6-inch  screen. 
There  are  here  511  bee-hive  coke  ovens,  arranged  in  a  double  row  a  mile  long.  Experience 
shows  that  34,000  tons  of  coal  arc  required  to  make  20,000  tons  of  excellent  coke.  The 
large  coal  is  shipped  mainly  for  locomotive  use. 
Mining  in  this  district  is  for  the  most  part  easy,  though  at  times  only  fair.  Rock  rolls 
and  clay  veins  have  interfered  with  mining  in  parts  of  these  fields.  The  use  of  machines 
is  limited  somewhat  by  the  local  tenderness  of  the  roof.  The  machines  commonly  used 
are  the  Harrison,  Ingersoll,  and  Sullivan.  Entries  in  this  district  are  usually  10  feet  wide, 
the  rooms  18  to  21  feet,  and  room  pillars  18  to  20  feet.  Except  the  Eleanora  and  Elk  Run 
shafts,  the  openings  are  either  drifts  or  slopes.  Capell  fans  are  largely  used  for  ventilation. 
Most  of  the  mines  are  troubled  with  gas.  The  mines  north  and  northeast  of  Punxsutawney 
drain  to  the  Elk  Run  shaft,  in  the  center  of  the  basin,  where  the  water  is  pumped  to  the 
surface  by  Cameron,  Snow,  and  Gordon  pumps.  Both  electricity  and  rope  are  used  for 
haulage  in  this  district,  2-ton  cars  being  in  common  use. 
The  output  of  the  Canoe  Ridge  mine  of  the  Clearfield  Bituminous  Coal  Corporation  at 
Rossiter  is  from  2,800  to  3,000  tons  daily,  most  of  which  goes  to  the  locomotives  of  the 
New  York  Central,  Boston  and  Albany,  and  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroads.  Robinson  and 
Stein  fans  are  used  here.  Haulage  is  by  electricity  in  1-ton  cars.  Entries  are  9  feet,  rooms 
21  feet  wide,  and  room  pillars  30  feet  thick.  In  1905  the  Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Coal 
Company  was  opening  a  shaft  near  Big  Run  and  preparing  to  operate  on  an  extensive  scale. 
The  Jefferson  and  Clearfield  Coal  and  Iron  Company  and  the  Berwind-White  Coal  Mining 
Company  have  each  large  operations  in  this  field,  but  outside  the  limits  of  the  Punxsutawney 
quadrangle.     There  are  a  limited  number  of  smaller  operations  in  this  field. 
In  the  Glen  Campbell  area  the  mines  are  uniformly  smaller,  having  a  daily  output  of  from 
50  to  250  tons,  a  few  exceeding  the  latter  figure.  Mines  in  this  district  are  fairly  well 
equipped,  several  of  them  using  electric  haulage  and  machines  for  mining.  Furnaces  are 
used  in  some  of  the  mines  for  ventilation. 
