CEMENT    RESOURCES    OF    WASHINGTON. 
379 
WHATCOM   COUNTY. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Kendall,  on  the  line  of  the  Bellingham  Bay  and  British  Columbia  Rail- 
way, there  are  a  number  of  deposits  of  limestone  and  clay  which  afford  the  proper  materials 
for  cement  manufacture.  The  outcrops  of  limestone  immediately  south  of  the  railway  do 
not  indicate  large  bodies,  but  north  of  the  railway,  at  a  point  about  3  miles  from  Kendall, 
is  a  large  ledge  of  this  rock  presenting  a  vert  ical  face  or  ( liff  which  may  be  seen  for  a  distance 
pf  2  or  3  miles.  The  limestone  is  entirely  crystalline  and  all  traces  of  fossils  have  been  elimi- 
nated. This  limestone,  as  in  the  case  of  the  San  Juan  limestones,  is  a  part  of  an  extensive 
met  amorphic  series  which  has  been  greatly  folded  and  crushed.  As  a  result  of  the  breaking 
[up  of  the  original  bed  of  limestone  on  the  one  hand  and  of  extensive  erosion  on  the  other 
the  rock  occurs  in  fragments  or  pockets  and  not  in  one  continuous  body.  The  amount  of 
limestone  here  could  be  determined  readily  by  means  of  the  diamond  drill,  and  this  should 
be  done  before  a  cement  plant  is  installed. 
A  few  miles  west  of  the  limestone  deposits  and  along  the  railroad  track  there  are  beds  of 
glacial  clay.  One  of  these  beds  was  explored  by  drilling  to  a  depth  of  50  feet.  The  clay  is 
advantageously  located  and  may  be  loaded  on  cars  for  transportation  at  a  very  small  cost. 
Analyses  of  limestone,  clay,  and  slate  from  Kendall,  Wash. 
Limestone. 
Clay. 
Slate. 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
0. 
Silica 
1.52 
.35 
97.  48 
1.  26 
1.37 
.42 
98.72 
.  20 
61.  27 
25.  30 
2.96 
4.  08 
57.  00 
20.80 
10.02 
1.13 
2.  50 
00.  01 
17.  05 
8.01 
3.  15 
72  09 
22.  19 
2.  10 
2.47 
Nos.  1  and  3  made  by  D.  W.  Riedle,  Montavilla,  Oreg. 
Nos.  2,  4,  5,  and  0  made  by  A.  II.  Cederberg. 
SKAGIT  COUNTY. 
Large  deposits  of  limestone  and  clay,  lying  side  by  side,  occur  on  the  east  side  of  Baker 
River  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  its  junction  with  Skagit  River.  This  point  is  40 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Skagit,  a  stream  which  is  navigable  at  nearly  all  times  of  the 
year.  Transportation  is  also  afforded  by  the  Seattle  and  Northern  division  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway. 
These  deposits  of  limestone  and  clay  have  been  purchased  by  the  Washington  Portland 
Cement  Company  and  a  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  cement  is  now  under  construction. 
It  is  expected  that  the  plant  will  be  in  operation  by  May  1,  1906.  Two  100-foot  rotary 
kilns,  7h  feet  in  diameter,  are  being  installed.  Rotary  driers  and  coolers  with  both  ball 
and  tube  mills  will  be  used.  It  is  planned  to  use  oil  as  a  fuel  both  in  drying  and  in  calcining. 
A  flume  nearly  3  miles  in  length  has  been  constructed  from  Baker  River  to  the  plant,  giving 
a  head  of  57  feet,  capable  of  generating  3,000  horsepower.  It  is  planned  to  manufacture 
from  700  to  800  barrels  of  cement  daily  at  the  outset.  The  plant  has  been  so  arranged 
that  it  can  easily  be  enlarged  to  a  daily  capacity  of  3,000  barrels. 
The  limestone  is  crystalline  in  character  and  almost  pure  white  in  color.  It  belongs  to 
an  extensive  metamorphic  series  the  geological  age  of  which  is  undetermined.  Slate  lies 
adjacent  to  the  limestone  and  the  two  have  a  strike  a  little  west  of  north.  The  ledge  of 
limestone  dips  to  the  southwest  at  an  angle  of  about  55°.  The  outcrop  is  traceable  along 
the  strike  for  600  feet  and  shows  a  width  of  207  feet  in  cross  section.  The  actual  amount 
of  limestone  at  this  place  is  difficult  to  make  out,  because  when  followed  along  the  strike 
it  passes  under  a  thick  layer  of  mantle  rock. 
