CEMENT    RESOURCES    OF    WASHINGTON. 
381 
juality  occur  abundantly  in  the  western  part  of  the  county,  chiefly  in  connection  with  the 
Fcrtiary  coal  measures.  At  Renton,  Taylor,  and  Kummer  thick  beds  of  shale  are  found 
Qterstratified  with  seams  of  coal.  At  all  these  points  clay  is  mined  for  use  in  the  manu- 
facture of  ornamental  and  paving  bricks,  terra  cotta,  sewer  pipe,  etc.  So  far  as  known 
leposiis  are  concerned,  the  limestones  and  clays  are  too  widely  separated  to  make  the 
nanufacture  of  cement  a  profitable  industry  in  this  county.  Further  prospecting  may 
•eveal  the  presence  of  desirable  beds  of  clay  within  or  adjacent  to  the  limestone  areas. 
OKANOGAN   COUNTY. 
In  the  northern  portion  of  Okanogan  County  crystalline  limestone  has  been  discovered 
it  many  points  in  conjunction  with  slate,  metamorphic  sandstone,  and  conglomerate.  The 
argest  limestone  areas  are  to  the  west  and  northwest  of  Riverside,  where  there  are  con- 
spicuous cliffs  of  this  rock  with  an  areal  distribution  of  several  square  miles.  On  the  eastern 
dope  of  Palmer  Mountain  there  are  several  bold  outcrops  of  light-gray  limestone  which  is 
mly  partially  crystalline.  Because  of  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  transportation  and  the 
sparseness  of  population  nothing  has  been  done  toward  utilizing  the  limestone  of  this  county, 
[t  is  safe  to  assume  that  the  neighboring  argillaceous  rocks  could  be  used  with  the  limestone 
n  the  manufacture  of  cement  whenever  a  sufficient  demand  arises  for  this  product  in  this 
part  of  the  State. 
FERRY  COUNTY. 
The  geological  formations  of  Ferry  County  arc  mainly  metamorphic  rocks,  represented 
ay  limestones,  slates,  and  quartzites,  with  many  granite  intrusions.  Here  and  there  small 
ireas  of  sandstones  and  shales  indicate  the  existence  of  lakes  in  Tertiary  times.  The  largest 
limestone  area  is  in  the  form  of  a  long  narrow  belt  which  extends  north  and  south  across 
the  country  and  which  lies  at  the  western  foot  of  the  granite  divide  separating  Columbia 
and  Kettle  rivers  from  the  streams  to  the  west.  A  few  miles  west  of  Republic  there  is  a 
large  outcrop  of  a  bluish  limestone  which  is  very  compact  and  hard.  A  limekiln  is  in 
operation  here  and  a  high  grade  of  quicklime  is  manufactured.  Very  near  the  crystalline 
limestone,  clay  and  impure  limestone  occur,  which  may  be  utilized  in  cement  manufacture. 
The  following  analyses  were  made  by  A.  H.  Cederberg: 
Analyses  of  crystalline  limestone,  impure  limestone,  and  day  from  Ferry  County,  Wash. 
Crystal- 
line lime- 
stone. 
Impure 
lime- 
stone. 
Clay. 
1.1 
Trace. 
98.  6 
Trace. 
18.9 
7.2 
66.  1 
4.5 
Trace. 
2.1 
GO  13 
29. 10 
Calcium  carbonate 
8.98 
1.3G 
Sulphur 
.75 
Alkalies 
.29 
STEVENS  COUNTY. 
Stevens  County  contains  very  large  deposits  of  materials  necessary  for  cement  manu- 
facture, the  only  drawback  being  the  high  cost  of  fuel,  as  the  latter  is  subject  to  a  long 
transportation  charge.  The  rocks  of  the  county  are  chiefly  metamorphic  in  character, 
consisting  mainly  of  limestone  or  marble,  slate,  and  quartzite.  These  have  been  greatly 
disturbed  by  folding  as  well  as  by  intrusions  of  granite,  basalt,  and  other  igneous  rocks. 
The  limestones  are  usually  entirely  crystalline  and  at  several  places  yield  marble  of  excel- 
lent quality.     The  fossils  they  may  have  contained  have  been  wholly  destroyed  except  in 
Bull.  285—06- 
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