414  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1905. 
Section  of  fire  clay  at  Willard,  Carter  County,  Ky. 
Ft.  in. 
Fire  clay 4 
Coal 4 
Bluish  flint  clay,  reported 4 
Dark  plastic  clay 4 
Light  plastic  clay,  harder  than  the  above 2 
Red  iron  ore  (2  to  4  feet)  1  .,  „      ..  ..        .        „ 
„  *      'f     Ferriferous  limestone  ' 10 
Limestone  (4  to  6  feet)J 
Thin  band  of  flint  clay,  formerly  shipped  to  Olive  Hill,  Ky.,  and  to  Stras- 
burg,  Ohio. 
The  flint  clay  shown  in  these  sections  is  very  persistent  throughout  the  quadrangle,  c{ 
account  of  its  indestructible  nature,  and  will  serve  as  a  valuable  guide  in  locating  the  pla  : 
tic  fire-clay  layer.  The  Willard  section  differs  from  that  at  Ashland  in  having  the  world 
able  clay  above  the  limestone,  and  not  both  above  and  below,  as  is  the  case  in  the  seetio  i 
measured  by  Ashley,  and  also  in  a  section  measured  by  the  writer  at  the  lire-clay  bank  ( 
William  T.  Johnson,  west  of  Ashland: 
Section  at  the  William  T.  Johnson  fire-clay  mine,  west  of  Ashland. 
Ft.  in. 
Da  rk  cla  y 4 
Limestone  ore  (sometimes  replaced  by  4  feet  of  limestone),  averaging G 
Bone,  not  always  present  2 
Light-drab  clay 2 
At  the  opening  of  the  Petersburg  Fire-Brick  and  Tile  Company  at  Coalgrove,  Ohio,  thi 
Cue  clay  also  occurs  both  above  and  below  the  limestone.  A  section  measured  by  P.  N 
Moore  at  Amanda  Furnace,  about  4  miles  northwest  of  Ashland,  is  quite  similar  to  tha 
obtained  at  Willard: 
Section  of  fire  clay  near  Amanda  furnace. a 
Ft.  in. 
Soil 4 
Clay  shale 6 
Coal 4 
No.  2  fi re  clay 3 
Pottery  cla  y 4 
No.  1  fi  re  cla  y 3 
Limestone  ore 8 
Top  of  "Ferriferous  limestone." 
To  the  south  of  Ashland  the  dips  up  the  Big  Sandy  carry  this  horizon  below  drainage 
level,  but  the  rise  of  the  beds  south  of  Buchanan  brings  it  again  into  the  hills  near  Louisa 
and  south  of  Fori  Gay  (Cassville),  on  the  West  Virginia  side,  where  it  has  been  prospecfl 
for  on  numerous  farms  on  Mill  Creek.  To  the  southwest  of  Louisa  it  is  generally  present 
in  the  hills.  On  the  farm  of  Mr.  F.  It.  Bussey,  at  Busseyville,  a  good  indication  was  seer 
30  feet  above  the  top  of  the  Homewood  sandstone,  where  Mr.  Bussey  reports  7  to  8  feel 
of  clay.  The  rapid  rise  southward  carries  its  hor.zon  above  the  hilltops  at  the  southern  edge 
of  the  area.  Between  Busseyville  and  Prosperity  it  is  present  in  most  of  the  hills,  anc 
in  this  region  the  limeston,  is  generally  associated  with  the  clay.  To  the  northwest,  or 
Cherokee  and  Irish  creeks  and  Dry  Fork,  it  is  present,  gradually  descending  to  drainage 
l<  .<1  at  Webbville.  The  basin  between  Webbville  and  Willard  causes  its  disappearance 
between  these  points,  but  at  Willard  it  is  mined  and  shipped.  The  main  continuous  westerr 
boundary  of  this  horizon  is  found  in  the  hills  just  east  of  Little  Sandy  River,  but  at  the 
head  of  Canes,  Lost,  and  Oldtown  creeks,  in  Greenup  County,  this  horizon  catches  in  tht 
hilltops  and  the  iron  ore  associated  with  the  clay  has  been  mined  on  the  outcrop.  Ir 
general  throughout  the  area  the  old  benches  at  this  horizon  will  be  a  valuable  guide  in 
locating  this  clay,  since  the  red  limestone  ore  at  this  horizon  was  one  of  the  most  important 
a  Kentucky  Geol.  Survey,  Report  on  the  Eastern  Coal  Field,  vol.  C,  p.  141. 
