CLAY    RESOURCES    OF    NORTHEASTERN    KENTUCKY. 
415 
mrces  of  supply  of  iron  ore  in  the  days  of  the  old  charcoal  furnaces,  and  was  extensively 
enched. 
Character  of  the  clay. — The  clay  at  this  horizon,  with  the  exception  of  the  small  band  of 
int,  is  of  the  plastic  variety.  As  worked  at  Willard  and  at  Ashland,  it  occurs  in  two 
enches — an  upper  dark  bench  4  feet  thick,  and  a  lower  lighter  bench  2  to  3|  feet  thick, 
enerally  of  better  quality.  Moore's  section  at  Amanda  furnace  shows  an  intermediate 
yer  of  potter's  clay.  At  the  Weaver  Pottery  Company's  works,  north  of  Catlettsburg, 
om  6  feet  of  clay  the  upper  3^  feet  are  worked,  the  lower  portion  being  thought  too  sandy 
)  work  satisfactorily.  The  presence  of  pebbles  of  limestone  has  also  caused  the  company 
>me  annoyance.  The  following  analyses  indicate  the  character  of  this  clay.  For  com- 
arison  an  analysis  of  the  No.  1  or  flint  clay  is  appended. 
Analyses  of  clay  associated  with  the  ferriferous  limestone. 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
50.95 
39.49 
40.14 
43.72 
1.98 
1     1.60 
56.40 
J  28.00 
1.30 
60.16 
|  25.55 
]     1.89 
f       .00 
1       .00 
tt.08 
12.37 
50.35 
33.07 
1.43 
ime 
.30 
.28 
[       .30 
9.18 
.15 
12.56 
14.30 
14.30 
100.20 
100.00 
100.00 
100.05 
99.60 
a  By  difference. 
1.  Sciotoville  fire  clay;  N.  W.  Lord,  analyst:  Ohio  Geological  Survey,  vol.  7,  p.  58. 
2.  Upper  stratum  of  clay  at  "Ferriferous  limestone"  horizon,  Ashland,  Ky.;  Dr.  Robert  Peter, 
nalyst.    Furnished  by  the  Ashland  Fire  Brick  Company. 
3.  Lower  stratum  of  same.    Furnished  by  the  Ashland  Fire  Brick  Company. 
4.  Clay  near  Cassville,  W.  Va.;  Laboratory  of  the  mining  department,  Ohio  State  University;  W.  W 
lornesberger  and  R.  W.  Mercer,  analysts.    Furnished  by  Charles  Barnell,  Cassville,  W.  Va. 
5.  Clay  near  Cassville;  analysis  by  Norfolk  and  Western  Railway.  Furnished  by  Charles  Barnell, 
assville  W.  Va. 
Applications. — The  clay  at  this  horizon  is  a  plastic  or  No.  2  clay  and  is  used  principally 
i  the  manufacture  of  fire  brick,  and  to  a  less  extent  for  blast-furnace  crucibles,  boshes, 
awalls,  coke-oven  brick,  etc.  For  the  first  purpose  it  is  utilized  by  the  Ashland  Fire 
kick  Company  and  the  O'Kelly  Brick  Company  at  Ashland  and  by  the  Petersburg  Fire 
kick  and  Tile  Company  at  Coalgrove.  The  product  mined  at  Willard  by  the  Willard 
fire  Clay  Company  and  the  Fraley  &  Rice  Company  is  shipped,  that  of  the  former  goes 
o  Olive  Hill,  where  it  is  mixed  with  the  flint  clay  to  make  No.  1  fire  brick.  The  compa- 
res about  Ashland  import  flint  clay  to  mix  with  their  product.  To  make  a  first-class 
efractory  brick,  from  67  to  80  per  cent  of  flint  clay  is  used,  dependent  on  the  uses  to 
vhich  the  brick  is  to  be  put,  the  remainder  being  No.  2  or  plastic  clay.  For  a  second- 
;rade  product  these  proportions  are  reversed.  This  clay  is  also  locally  suitable  for  pot- 
ery,  and  is  being  used  for  this  purpose  by  the  Weaver  Pottery  Company  north  of  Cat- 
ettsburg.  The  product  obtained  near  Amanda  Furnace  has  been  shipped  to  Cincinnati 
or  the  same  purpose. 
Other  Allegheny  clays. — In  a  cut  on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway,  about  a  mile 
orth  of  Louisa,  8  feet  of  sandy  fire  clay,  or  ganister,  occurs  at  the  level  of  the  railroad  track. 
jThis  bed  lies  18  feet  below  a  layer  of  fire  clay  1  foot  thick,  associated  with  which  are  lime- 
stone nodules,  possibly  the  "Ferriferous  limestone."  At  any  rate  the  ganister  occurs 
;>ut  a  few  inches  below  a  fossiliferous  horizon  known  to  be  lower  Allegheny  in  age.     This 
